Diagnostic and Epidemiological study of Blastocystis hominis in Samarra city, Iraq
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The present study included detection of infection with Blastocystis hominis in Sammara city / Salah Al-Deen province , from April 2014 until April 2015. 264 stool samples were collected from children less than 15 years old which attending the General hospital and some medical laboratories in the city. Microscopic examination by using trichrome stain was used to detected this parasite. By using trichrome stain, cyst and vacuolar forms the only stages had been distinguished. The results of study revealed the rate of infection was (15.15%) by using microscopic examination. Epidemiological survey demonstrated there is no significant differences between male and female and more frequently infected at the (6-10) years age group (21.9%) and (13.33%). Also the higher rate of infection was during Spring, and the lower rate was in Autumn. Single infection with B.hominis was (9.09%), but the mixed infection with the other parasite was (3.78%) with E. histolytica and (2.27%) with G. lamblia. Diarrhea was the distinguish sign with infection children.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the article, alter and revise the article, and make commercial use of the article (including reuse and/or resale of the article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made, and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The authors hold the copyright for their published work on the Tikrit J. Pure Sci. website, while Tikrit J. Pure Sci. is responsible for appreciate citation of their work, which is released under CC-BY-4.0, enabling the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of an article in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
References
1- Lesh, F.A. (1975): Massive development of amebas in the large intestine. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 24, 92-383.
2- Boorom, K.F.; Smith, 11.; Nimri, L.; Viseogliosi, IL; Spnnakos, G.Parkar, O.; LI, LIL; Zhou, X.N.; ok, U.Z.; Leelayoova, S. and Jones, M.S. (2008): Oh my aching gut: irritable bowel syndrome, Blastocystis, and asymptomatic infection. BMC. Parasit. Vectors. l: 40.
3- Windsor, J.J.; Macfarlane, L.; Whiteside, T.M.; Chalmers, R.M.; Thomas, A.L. and Joynson, D.H.M. (2001): Blastocystis hominis: a common yet neglected human parasite. British J. of Biomed. Sci.,58, 129-130.
4- Stenzel, D.J.and Boreham, P.F.L. (1996): Blastocystis hominis revisited. Clin Microbiol Rev 9:563–584
5- Yoshikawa, EL; Yoshidn, K; Nakajlma, A.; Yamnnari, K.; lwatani, S. and Kimnta, l. (2004): Fecal-oral transmission of the cyst form of Blastocystis hominis in rats. Parasitol. Rm. 94: 391-396.
6- Tan, KS. (2003a): Blastocystis spp. In N. A. Khan (ed.), Emerging pmtomanpathogens. Taylor and Francis, Oxford, United Kingdom
7- Tan, KS. (2008b): New insights on classification, identification, and clinical relevance of Blastocystis spp. Clin. Micmbiol. Rev., 21: 639- 665.
8- World Health organization.(1991):Laboratory methods in Medical Parasitology, Geneva: WHO.9-24.
9- SPSS 14 (2006). "Statistical Package for Social Science.", SPSS for windows Release 14.0.0, 12 June, 2006. Standard Version, Copyright
10- Garcia, LS. and Bruckner, D.A.(1993): Diagnostic medical parasitology, 2nd ed. ASM Press. Washington. DC.
11- Hazen, K.C. (1993): Controversial fungal and protozoan gastrointestinal infections. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis., 6: 77-82.
12- Baron, E.J.; Peterson, L.R.and Finegold, S.M. (1998) :Bailey and Scon’s diagnostic Microbiology, 9th (ed). Louis:Mosby, New York, 781.88.
13- Stenzel, D.J.; Boreham, P.F. and McDougall, R.(1991) :Ultrastructure of Blastocystis hominis in human stool samples. Int J Parasitol. 21(7):807–812.
14- Boorom, K.F.; Smith, 11.; Nimri, L.; Viseogliosi, IL; Spnnakos, G.Parkar, 0.; LI, LIL; Zhou, X.N.; ok, U.Z.; Leelayoova, S. and Jones, MS. (2008): Oh my aching gut: irritable bowel syndrome, Blastocystis, and asymptomatic infection. BMC. Parasit. Vectors. l: 40.
15- Dogruman Al F, Adisen E, Kustimur S, Gurer MA. The role of protozoan parasites in etiology of urticaria. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2009;33:136–139.
16- Sinniah B1, Rajeswari B. (1994). Blastocystis hominis infection, a cause of human diarrhea. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health.; 25(3): 490-3.
17- Culha, G., Ozer, C. 2008. The distribution of intestinal parasites among Turkish children living in a rural area. Middle East J. Family Med., 6: 8 11.
18- El-Shazly AM, Abdel-Magied AA, El-Beshbishi SN, El - Nahas HA, Fouad MA, Monib MS. Blastocystis hominis among symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in Talkha Center, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2005;35(2):653–66.
19- Adel T. M.; Qais, I. and Ghazwan F. A. (2013). Blastocystis hominis infections among patients in Duhok City / Kurdistan Region – IRAQ. QMJ Vol. 9(16): 161-170.
20- Dogruman-Al F, Dagci H, Yoshikawa H, Kurt O, Demirel M. A possible link between subtype 2 and asymptomatic infections of Blastocystis hominis. Parasitol Res. 2008;103(3):685–689. doi: 10.1007/s00436-008-1031-3
21- Yaicharoen, R., Sripochang, S., Sermsart, B., Pidetcha, P. 2005. Prevalence of Blastocystis hominis infection in asymptomatic individuals from Bangkok, Thailand. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 36: 17 20.
22- Leelayoova S, Rangsin R, Taamasri P, Naaglor T, Thathaisong U, Mungthin M. Evidence of waterborne transmission of Blastocystis hominis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004; 70(6):658-62
23- Vogelberg C, Stensvold CR, Monecke S, Ditzen A, Stopsack K, Heinrich-Grafe U, Pohlmann C.(2010).Blastocystis sp. subtype 2 detection during recurrence of gastrointestinal and urticarial symptoms. Parasitol Int.;59(3):469–471.
24- Pochong , R. (2005). Seasonal Prevalence of Blastocystis hominis among Patients Attending Thammasat Chalermprakiat Hospital, Pathum Thani Province, Thailand. J Trop Med Parasitol . 28:39-42
25- El Masry, N.A.; Bassily, S.; Farid, Z. and Aziz, A.G. (1990): Potential clinical significance of Blastocystis hominis in Egypt. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 84: 695.
26- Duda, A.; Kosik - Bogacka, D.; Lanocha-Arendarczyk, N. Kołodziejczyk, L.; and Lanocha, A. (2015).The prevalence of Blastocystis hominis and other protozoan parasites in soldiers returning from peacekeeping missions. 8
27- Omar M. Amin, 2006. The Epidemiology of Blastocystis hominis in the United States. Research Journal of Parasitology, 1: 1-10.
28- Silberman, J. D., M. L. Sogin, D. D. Leipe, and C. G. Clark. 1996. Human parasite finds taxonomic home. Nature 380:398.
29- Hellard ME, Sinclair MI, Hogg GG, Fairley CK. (2000) .Prevalence of enteric pathogens among
community based asymptomatic individuals. J Gastroenterol Hepatol ;15:290-293.
30- Windsor, J.J.; Macfarlane, L.; Whiteside, T.M.; Chalmers, R.M.; Thomas, A.L. and Joynson, D.H.M. (2001). Blastocystis hominis: a common yet neglected human parasite. British J. of Biomed. Sci.,58, 129-130.