Biological effect for oils of harmala seeds peganum harmala L. and fenugreek Trigonella foenum - graecum L. in southern cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Studying the effects of serial concentration of harmala and fenugreek seeds oil against the southern cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus F. in cowpea seeds ( reddish , white , reddish- brown and black) revealed that there was significant toxic effect of all concentrations on immature stages and adult emergence. harmala seeds oil was more effective than fenugreek oil in all treatments. The rates of productivity in southern cowpea beetle for cowpea seeds for tamarind seeds oil at 0.5/20g reached 38.83, 29.04 and 30.03, 21.45 %, and first generation (F1) reduction 93.67, 94.54, 94.33 and 96.59% respectively and for fenugreek seed oil was 68.00 , 69.69, 63.68 and 56.59 % and 38.46, 30.30, 18.87 and 18.17% respectively at the same concentration. The developmental period was positively decreased in relation with increase of concentration of oils .The two concentrations 0.4 and 0.5% were decreased the germinability percentages of reddish- brown and black cowpea seeds ranged 50.00- 50.66% while fenugreek all of fenugreek seed oils that treated cowpea seeds four didn’t affect on germinability percentages ranged 76.66- 96.66%. Also significant difference found clearly in the attraction and repellency responses. The harmala seeds oil in different concentrations showed a superior repellency effect on insect reached maximum at 0.5% , the highest average of individuals repellency reached 3.66 and 5.00 rates 36.60 and 50.00% with attractant rates 3.30 and 3.30 % as it balance rates reached -33.30 and -46.70% after 15 and 30 minutes of treating , while fenugreek seeds oil showed significant attractant effect, the concentration 0.5% recorded highest rates of attractant, the average of individuals attractant reached 4.33 and 6.00% rates 43.30 and 60.00% and repellent rates 6.60 and 3.30% as it balance rates reached + 36.00 and + 56.70 % after 15 and 30 minutes of treating .
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the article, alter and revise the article, and make commercial use of the article (including reuse and/or resale of the article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made, and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The authors hold the copyright for their published work on the Tikrit J. Pure Sci. website, while Tikrit J. Pure Sci. is responsible for appreciate citation of their work, which is released under CC-BY-4.0, enabling the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of an article in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
References
1- Salunke, D.K. (1982). Legume in human nutrition: Current status research. needs. Current Science. 93: 1173- 1178 .
2- Obopile, M. and Ositile, B. (2010). Life table and population parameters of cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae) on five cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) varieties. J. Pest Sci 83: 9-14.
3- IITA. (1989). Research brief, vol.9. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture .Ibada. Nigeria. Ivbijaro,M.F. 1983a.Preservation of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. With the neem seed, Azadirachta indica . A. Juss. Protection. Ecology. 5,177-182.
4-Boeke, S.J., Sinzogan, A.A.C., Almeida, R.P., Boer, P.W.M., Jeong ,G., Kossou, D.K. and Van Loon ,J.J.A.(2003). Side-effects of cowpea treatment with botanical insecticides on two parasitoids of Callosobruchus maculatus. Entomol. Exper. Appl. 108 : 43-51.
5- Chomchalow, N.(2003). Protection of stored products with special reference to Thailand . Au. J. 7(1): 31-47.
6- Randhir R., and K. Shett .(2007) . Improved α-amylase and Helicobacter
Pylori inhibition by fenugreek extracts derived via solidstate bioconversion usin Rhizopus oligosporus .Asia. Pac. J. Clin.Nutr.16 (3):382-92.
9-Taha, M. A. H. (2007). Fumigant action of Egyptian garlic oil against two stored legumes pests; Bruchidius incarnates and Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Msc. Thesis. Coll. Agri .Uni. Khartoum .Sudan.
10- Udo , I. O. ( 2011) . Protection effect of plant oils against cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) on stored cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata). J. Agri. Bio. Sci. 6 (12):58-61.
14-Adedire , C.O . and Ajayi , O. E . (2003). Potential of sandbox, Hura crepitans L. seed oil for protection of cowpea seeds from Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) infestation . J . Plan . Dise . Prot . 110 (6): 602- 610.
16- Szentest, A. (1972). Studies on the mass rearing of Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. ( Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Acta Phytopatholgica Academiae Scientiarun Hungarioae .7 (4): 453-463.
الع ا رق .18- Busvine , J . R. (1971) . A critical review of the Teachia use of testing insecticides . Common Wealth . Agris . London .
21- Harbone, J.B. (1984). Photochemical methods: A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. 2nd ed. Chapman and Hall, London. 288 P.
22- Abdel-fattah, A.F.M.; Matsumoto, K. and Murakami,Y.1997. "Centeral serotonin level dependent changes in body temperature following administration of tryptophan to pargyline and harmaline-pretreated rats" .Gen pharmacol.28: 405-409.
28- Shantaram, H.1957.The extension of larval duration in Trogoderma granarium Everts after DDT treatment .Delhi. Uni. Vol.23:145-151.
29- Xavier - Filho, J. (1991). The resistance of seeds of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) to the cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) . Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de janeiro. 86 (11): 75-77.
30- Mital, H.C. (1971). Protection of cowpea from insect infestation with the aid of fixed oils. J. W. Africa. Sci .Ass. 16: 45- 48.
31- Keita, S . M. , Vincent, C., Schmit, T.P., Arnason , J.T. and Belanger, A. )2001) . Efficacy of essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. and O. gratissimum L. applied as an insecticidal fumigant and powder to control Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. ( Coleoptera: Bruchidae) . J .Stor. Prod. Res. 37: 339-349.
32- Udo , I. O. ( 2011) . Protection effect of plant oils against cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) on stored cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata). J. Agri. Bio. Sci. 6 (12):58-61.
33 -Tahrouch, S.;Rapior,S.;Belahen,Y.;Bessiere,J.and Andary,C.1998. "Volatile constituents of Peganum harmala (Zygophyllaceae)" .Acta. bot.Gallia,145(2): 121-124.
34- Boateng. B.A. and Kusi. F. (2008). Toxicity of Jatropha Seed oil to Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and its Parasitoid, Dinarmus basalis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) . J. Appl. Sci. Res. 4(8): 945-951.