Clinical study of copeptin in serum patiants of heart diseases
Main Article Content
Abstract
The study included the estimation copeptin level in serum of healthy and patients with heart diseases . The Results indicated that the level of copeptin in serum was (36.2±1.1 pg/mL) in control group for both sex, with the age range between ) 37 - 60 ≥ years) .while there was a significant increase in copeptin concentration in patients of the heart disease (106.8 ±2.1 pg/mL) compared with control group. The results also showed that the concentration of copeptin was not affected by sex, age, body mass index and smoking, in both control and patients group . There was no significant differences in the concentration of copeptin in the case of hypertension , diabetes mellitus and statin taking in patients group Results revealed a significant increase in the activity of (creatin kinase, peroxidase, glutamate oxaloacetate transferase, glutamate pyruvate transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, lactoperoxidase) and concentration of malondialdehyde, mholesterol, mriglyceride, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, glucose, creatinine, c-reactive protein and copper in patients group . There was a significant decrease in the glutathione s-transferase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity and concentration of high density lipoprotein , glutathione, zinc and selenium.
Study of correlation coefficients between the concentration of copeptin and some clinical parameters in control and patients group showed that: the copeptin has a significant positive correlation with peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde in control and patients group and c-reactive protein ( in patients group only). The copeptin has a significant negative correlation with glutathione peroxidase, glutathione s-transferase, glutathione and selenium in control and patients group.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the article, alter and revise the article, and make commercial use of the article (including reuse and/or resale of the article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made, and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The authors hold the copyright for their published work on the Tikrit J. Pure Sci. website, while Tikrit J. Pure Sci. is responsible for appreciate citation of their work, which is released under CC-BY-4.0, enabling the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of an article in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
References
1. Bonneux, L.; Cleemput, I. and Ramaekers, D. (2005)” Protected carotid artery stenting (PCAS): a short medical technology assessment. Acta. Chir. belg. 105(5): 436-441
2. Ganong, W.F. (2005)” Lange Review of Medical Physiology” 21st edn. McGraw-Hill.
3. Schade, D.; Kotthaus, J. and Clement, B.(2010)'' Modulating the NO generating system from a medicinal chemistry perspective: Current trends and therapeutic options in cardiovascular disease Review Article''. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 126(3):279-300 4. Khan, S.Q.; Dhillon, O.S.; O’Brien, R.J.; Struck, J.; Quinn, P.A.; Morgenthaler, N.G.; Squire, I.B.; Davies, J.E.; Bergmann, A. and Ng, L.L.(2007)” C-terminal provasopressin (copeptin) as a novel and prognostic marker in acute myocardial infarction: Leicester Acute Myocardial Infarction Peptide (LAMP) study”. Circulation.115(16): 2103–2110.
5. Holwerda, D.A(1972) “A glycopeptide from the posterior lobe of pig pituitaries characterization”. Eur J Biochem.;28: 334–339. 6. Brunton , L. ; Chabner, B. and Knollman , B. (2011)” editors. Goodman and Gilamn’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 12th ed. China: McGrow-Hill companies 7. Hammarsten, O. and Goetze, P.J.(2012)” Copeptin: A new peptide in clinical measurement”. Kilnisk Niokemi I Norden. 1:22-29. 8. Fenske, W.; Störk, S.; Blechschmidt, A.; Maier, S.G.; Morgenthaler , N.G. and Allolio, B.(2009)” Copeptin in the differential diagnosis of hyponatremia”. J. Clin. Endocrinol .Metab. 94(1):123-129. 9. Nickel, C.H.; Bingisser, R.and Morgenthaler, N.G.(2012)” The role of copeptin as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for risk stratification in the emergency department”. B.M.C. Med.10:7. 10. Morgenthaler, N.G.; Struck, J.; Alonso, C. and Bergmann, A.(2006)” Assay for the measurement of copeptin, a stable peptide derived from the precursor of vasopressin”. Clin. Chem. 52(1):112-119. 11. Uysal, M.A. ;Bekar, N.; Demirer, E. ; Sancak ,M. and Yılmaz,V. (2013)” Serum Copeptin Levels and its Relation with Other Inflammatory Markers in Acute Exacerbation of COPD” J Ann Eu Med ;1(3): 56-61 12. Burtis, C.A. and Ashwood, E.R. (1982). "Tietz Fundamental of Clinical Chemistry". 2nded. W. B. Saunders company, U. S. A., pp. 302, 337, 539, 901. 13. Habig, W. H. ; Pabst, M. J. and Jakoby, W. B. (1974). “Glutathione S-transferase, the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation”. J. Biochem. 249(22):7130-7139. 14. Nelson, J.L. and Kulkarni, A.P. (1990)” Partial purification and characterization of a peroxidase activity from human placenta” Biochem. J 268(3): 739–743 15. Krishnan, P.; Gopalakrishna, P.; Vsudevan, D. (2005) ”Can serum glutathione s-transferase level in carcinoma cerivex.”India .j.clin.biochem.,20(1),95-111. 16. Guidet , B. and Shah, S.V. (1989)” Enhanced in vivo H2O2 generation by rat kidney in glycerol-induced renal failure” American Journal of Physiology, 257 (3): F440-F445 17. Chance, B. and Maehly, A.C. (1955) “Methods in Enzymology”, 2nd ed, 773-775.
18. Jochberger, S.; Morgenthaler, N.G.; Mayr, VD.; Luckner, G.; Wenzel, V.; Ulmer, H.; Schwarz, S.; Hasibeder, WR.; Friesenecker, BE. and Dünser, MW. (2006)” Copeptin and Arginine Vasopressin Concentrations in Critically ill Patients” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Meta-bolism,. 91(11):4381–4386 19. Reichlin, T.; Hochholzer, W.; Stelzig, C.; Laule, K.; Freidank, H.; Morgenthaler , N.G. ;Bergmann, A.; Potocki, M.; Noveanu, M.; Breidthardt, T.; Christ, A.; Boldanova, T.; Merki, R.; Schaub, N.; Bingisser, R.; Christ, M. and Mueller, C.(2009)” Incremental value of copeptin for rapid rule out of acute myocardial infarction”. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 54(1):60-68. 20. Narayan , H.; Dhillon ,O.S.; Quinn , P.A.; Struck ,J.; Squire ,I.B.;Davies J.E. and Ng, L.L. (2011)” C-terminal provasopressin (copeptin) as aprognostic marker after acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction: Leicester Acute Myocardial Infarction Peptide II (LAMP II) study” Clinical Science ,.121(2): 79–89
21. Katan, M. and Christ-Crain, M.(2010)” The stress hormone copeptin: a new prognostic biomarker in acute illness”. Swiss Med Wkly 140: w13101. 22. Hammoudeh, A.J. ; Izraiq, M. ; Al-Mousa, E. ; Al-Tarawneh, H.; Elharassis, A.; Mahadeen, Z. ; Badran, N.; and Haddad, J. (2008)” Serum lipid profiles with and without CAD: Jordan Hyperlipidaemia and Related Targets Study (JoHARTS-1)” Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, . 14(1):24-32 23. Khaki-khatibi, F.; Yaghoubi, A.R and Rahbani, N.M (2012)” Study of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, lipid profile and immunologic factor in coronary artery disease in East Azarbijan” Int. J .Med. Biomed. Res.1(2):147-152 24. Ahmad , S.A. and Al-Sayed, R.S.(2013)” Effect of Antioxidant and Lipid Profile on the Coronary Heart Disease” .16 (2):18-23 25. Saleh, B.O.M. (2008)” Blood Glucose Concentration and Ischemic Heart Failure “The Iraqi postgraduate medical journal , 7(3): 241-244 26. Zhu, B.; Li, X.; Zhao, Q.C. and Huang, XL., (2004)” Enhancement of antioxidant chemotherapy by reduced glutathione”. Aizheng, 23(4): 452-455. 27. Damy, T.; Kirsch, M.; Khouzami ,L.; Caramelle, P.; Corvoisier ,P.; Roudot-Thoraval, F.O.; Dubois-Rande´, J.; Hittinger, L.; Pavoine, C. and Pecker, F.O. (2009)” Glutathione Deficiency in Cardiac Patients Is Related to the Functional Status and Structural Cardiac Abnormalities” PLoS One 4(3): pp.e4871.
28. O'Brien, P.J.; Siraki, A.G. and Shangari, N. (2005) “Aldehyde sources, metabolism, moleculartoxicity mechanisms, and possible effects onhuman health.” Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 35(7):609-62. 29. Mogadam ,R.A.; Nemati ,A. and Baghi,A.N. (2008)” Serum MDA as a Diagnostic`s Biomarker in Stable Coronary Heart Disease” Research Journal of Biological Sciences , 3 (2): 206-210 30. Wang , J.G.; Staessen, J.A.; Fagard, R.H.; Birkenhäger, W.H. and Gong ,L.(2001)” Prognostic Significance of Serum Creatinine and Uric Acid in Older Chinese Patients With Isolated Systolic Hypertension” Hypertension. 37(4):1069-1074 31. Alta’ee, A.H. (2007)” Serum Uric Acid/ Creatinine Ratio in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction” Jornal of Kerbala University, Scientific, 5(2):81-89 32. Ridker ,PM.; Hennekens, CH.; Buring, J.E.; Rifai, N.(2000)” C reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women”. N. Engl. J. Med.,342(12):836–843. 33. Eckel , R.H.(2008)” (metabolic syndrome ) : fauci .braunwald .kasper .hauser .longo. jameson.loscalzo. Harrison principles of internal medicine” 17th . edition: page 1509 34. Faraj, H.R.; Al-Salih , R .M . H and Al-Khafaji, A.T. (2012)”Study of the Correlation between high sensitivity C reactive protein and Each of Malondialdehyde, Lipid profile, and Atherogenic Index inPatients with Ischemic Heart Diseases (IHD) in Thi-Qar Governorate” Journal of College of Education for Pure Science, 2(4):38-52 35. Al Barwari, M.K.N. and Al- Barwari., A.S.M. (2011)” Dependence of C-Reactive Protein & Cholesterol As Prognostic Factors for detective of some Heart Diseases in Duhok” Journal of Kirkuk University – Scientific Studies, 6(1):1-10 36. Milbury, P.E. and Richer, A.C. (2008)” Understanding the Antioxidant Controversy: Scrutinizing the “fountain of Youth”. Greenwood Publishing Group 99. 37. Rahman, S. and Waheed, S. (2011)” Blood-copper and zinc levels and consequences of cardiovascular complications: a study by INAA and FAAS”. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 287(2): 657-664. 38. Madsen, E. and Gitlin, J.D. (2007a).” Copper and iron disorders of the brain”.Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 30, 317–337. 39. Salih, A.S.(2010)” Serum ceruloplasmin ,copper and iron levels as a risk factors for coronary heart diseases(CHD)”Baghdad science journal, (7)1: 372 -381
40. Tao, F. ;Gonzalez-Flecha, B. and Kobzik, L.(2003)” Reactive oxygen species in pulmonary inflammation by ambient particles”. Free Rad. B., 35(4): 327–340. 41. Abdul Wahid, AA.; Awad , NA. and Dawood, AH. (2014)” Determination of Selenium , Magnesium , and Malondialdehyde (MDA)for Ischemic Heart Disease Patients” Iraqi National Journal of Chemistry, 54, 131- 140
42. Thygesen, K.; Alpert, J.S. and White, H.D. (2007)” Universal definition of myocardial infarction”.Eur. Heart. J. 28(20):2525–2538. 43. Keller, T.; Tzikas, S.; Zeller, T.; Czyz, E.; Lillpopp, L.; Ojeda, FM.; Roth, A.; Bickel, C.; Baldus, S.; Sinning ,CR.; Wild, PS.; Lubos, E.; Peetz, D.; Kunde, J.; Hartmann, O.; Bergmann, A.; Post, F.; Lackner, KJ.; Genth-Zotz, S.; Nicaud ,V.; Tiret, L.; Münzel, TF. and Blankenberg, S. (2010)” Copeptin Improves Early Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction “J Am Coll Cardiol. 55 (19),:2096–2106 44. Ferencz, A.; Jávor, S.; Balatonyi, B.; Horváth, S.; Takács,I.; Ferencz, S. and Wéber, G.(2009).” Effect of transvaginal notes cholecystectomy to the oxidative stress parameters”. (Poster) 1st European Meeting of Young Surgeons, Rome, June 18-20, 2009. European Surgical Research 2009; 43:152 45. Allwsh. T.A. (2013)” Clinical Study of Adiponectin Hormone and its Relation with some Variables in Cardiovascular Patients in Nineveh Province” Raf. J. Sci., 24( 2):50-64 46. Pasupathi, H.; Rao, Y. and Farook, J. (2009). ”Oxidative stress and cardic biomarkers in patients with acute myocardial infarction” . Eur. J. Sci. Res. , 27 ( 2):275-285. 47. Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J.M.( 2000).” Free radicals and antioxidant in the year 2000 : A Historical look to the future “. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. 899:136-147. 48. Yang, S.; Jensen, M.K.; Rimm, E.B.; Willett, W. and Wu, T. (2014)” Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase, and Catalase Activities and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Generally Healthy Women: A Prospective Study” Am. J.Epidemiol.180(9):901–908 49. Matough, F.A.; Budin, S.B.; Hamid, Z.A.; Alwahaibi, N. and Mohamed, J.(2012)” The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Diabetic Complications”, Sultan Qaboos Univ. Med. J. 12(1): 5–18. 50. Ajlan, S.K. and Baqir, Y.A,(2011)” Changes of Liver Enzymes in Coronary Heart Disease” Karbala J. Med.4(1-2): 994-1001 51. Nigam P.K., (2007)” Biochemical markers of myocardial injury” Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 22 (1) 10-17 52. Khalil, O.A.; Ramadan, K.S.; Hamza, A.H. and El-Toukhy, S.E. )2013)” Association of plasma protein C levels and coronary artery disease in men” Afr. J. Biotechnol. ,12(50):6986-6991, 53. Jooyandeh, H.; Aberoumand, A. and Nasehi, B. (2011). “Application of Lactoperoxidase System in Fish and Food Products”. A Review. American-Eurasian J. Agric. And Environ. Sci., 10(1):89-96.
54. Dajanta, K., Chukeatirote, E. and Apichartsrangkoon, A. (2008).” Effect of lactoperoxidase system on keeping quality of raw cows milk in Thailand”. Int. J. Dairy Sci., 3: 112-116. 55. Conti, E.; Guidi, M. and Cavazza, M. (2011)” The use of the biomarker “copeptin” for the diagnosis of acute chest pain in the Emergency” Department” emergency care journal - organizzazione, clinica, ricerca ,7( 3) : 9-12