Study the Serum IL-6 Level between Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients and Control
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study involved (50) patient’s that complaining rheumatoid arthritis from both genders (7 females and 43 males). Their ages range from (26-68) years there are taken from hospitals and clinics, in addition to the control which involve (30) person that look normal and their ages ranges from (23-54).
Enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) has been used to measure the level of IL-6 in serum, in which the medium of IL-6 in patients was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.01) than control group.
The study show’s significant difference (p ≤ 0.01) in level of IL-6 between males and females and between age groups.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the article, alter and revise the article, and make commercial use of the article (including reuse and/or resale of the article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made, and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The authors hold the copyright for their published work on the Tikrit J. Pure Sci. website, while Tikrit J. Pure Sci. is responsible for appreciate citation of their work, which is released under CC-BY-4.0, enabling the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of an article in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
References
1. Firestein G S, Alavro-Garcia J M and Maki R. Quantitative analysis of cytokine gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol 1990; 144: 3342-53.
2. Hirano T. Interleukin-6. In: Thomson A, ed. The cytokine handbook. London: Academic Press, 1991; 169-91.
3. Houssiau F A, de Vogelaer J P, van Damme J, de Deuxchaisnes C N, van Snick J. Interleukin-6 in synovial fluid and serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1988; 31: 784-7.
4. Bhardwaj N, Santhanam U, Lau L L, et al. IL-6/IFN B2 in synovial effusions of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthritidies. Jlmmunol 1989; 143: 2153-9.
5. Gurne P A, Zuraw B L, Vaughan J H, Carson D A, Lotz M. Synovium as a source of interleukin-6 in vitro. Jf Clin Invest 1989; 83: 585-92.
6. Lipsky PE, van der Heijde DM, St Clair EW, et al. Infliximab and methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Trial in Rheumatoid Arthritis with Concomitant Therapy Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2000 Nov; 343(22):1594-602.
7. Weinblatt ME, Keystone EC, Furst DE, et al. Adalimumab, a fully human anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in patients taking concomitant methotrexate: The ARMADA trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Jan; 48(1):35-45.
8. Weinblatt ME, Kremer JM, Bankhurst AD, et al. A trial of etanercept, a recombinant tumor necrosis factor receptor:Fc fusion protein, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate. N Engl J Med. 1999 Jan; 340 (4):253-9.
9. Wolfe F, Michaud K. Lymphoma in rheumatoid arthritis: The effect of methotrexate and anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in 18,572 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Jun; 50 (6):1740-51.
10. Gomez-Reino JJ, Carmona L, Valverde VR, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors may predispose to significant increase in tuberculosis risk: A multicenter active-surveillance report. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Aug; 48 (8):2122-7.
11. Guerne PA, Zuraw BL, Vaughan JH, ete al. Synovium as a source of interleukin 6 in vitro. Contribution to local and systemic manifestations of arthritis. J Clin Invest. 1989 Feb; 83 (2):585-92.
12. Houssiau FA, Devogelaer JP, Van Damme J, et al. Interleukin- in synovial fluid and serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthritides. Arthritis Rheum. 1988 Jun; 31 (6):784-8.
13. Woo P. Cytokines in childhood rheumatic diseases. Arch Dis Child 1993; 69:547–9.
14. Rooney M, David J, Symons J, Di Giovine F, Varsany H, Woo P. Inflammatory cytokine responses in juvenile chronic arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1995; 34:454–60.
15. De Benedetti F, Massa M, Robbioni P, Ravelli A, Burgio GR, Martini A. Serum interleukin-6 levels and joint involvement in polyarticular and pauciarticular juvenile chronic arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 1992; 10:493–8.
16. Madson KL, Moore TL, Lawrence JM, Osborn TG. Cytokine levels in serum and synovial fluid of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1994; 21:2359–69.
17. Yoshizaki K, Matsuda T, Nishimoto N, Kuritani T, Taeho L, Aozasa K, et al. Pathogenic significance of interleukin-6 (IL-6/BSF-2) in Castleman’s disease. Blood. 1989; 74:1360-7.
18. Knudsen LS, Klarlund M, Skjødt H, Jensen T, Ostergaard M, Jensen KE, et al. Biomarkers of inflammation in patients with unclassified polyarthritis and early rheumatoid arthritis. Relationship to disease activity and radiographic outcome. J Rheumatol. 2008; 35:1277-87.
19. Straub RH, Müller-Ladner U, Lichtinger T, Schölmerich J, Menninger H, Lang B. Decrease of interleukin 6 during the first 12 months is a prognostic marker for clinical outcome during 36 months treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Br J Rheumatol. 1997; 36:1298-303.
20. Miyazawa K, Mori A, Okudaira H. IL-6 synthesis by rheumatoid synoviocytes is autonomously upregulated at the transcriptional level. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999; 103:S437-44.
21. Kotake S, Sato K, Kim KJ, Takahashi N, Udagawa N, Nakamura I, et al. Interleukin-6 and soluble interleukin-6 receptors in the synovial fluids from rheumatoid arthritis patients are responsible for osteoclast-like cell formation. J Bone Miner Res. 2000; 11:88-95.
22. Straub RH, Hense HW, Andus J, Schölmerich J, Riegger AJ, Schunkert H. Hormone replacement therapy and interrelation between serum interleukin-6 and body mass index in postmenopausal women: a population-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000; 85:1340–1344.
23. Pottratz ST, Bellido T, Mocharis H, Crabb D, Manolagas SC. 17β-Estradiol inhibits expression of human interleukin-6 promoter-reporter constructs by a receptor-dependent mechanism. J Clin Invest. 1994; 93:944–950.