Verification Makhov,s profile for slow positron in Germanium
Main Article Content
Abstract
In this paper the mean penetration depths z0 and Makhov (Implantation) profile I(z,E) were evaluated for low energies positrons(1.5-30/keV)by using a distribution function of Valkealahti - Nieminen for Germanium for different thicknesses:0.2, 0.4,0.8,1.2,1.4,1.6 μm. The obtained results reveals that the values of Makhov,s profile decreased exponentialy with increasing the positron energy and profile depths increasing linearly with increasing the incident energy. The shape of the Makhov,s profile reflects the shape of the energy spectrum of the positrons, which indicates the annihilation of positrons inside the material where its wavefunction is delocalized.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the article, alter and revise the article, and make commercial use of the article (including reuse and/or resale of the article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made, and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The authors hold the copyright for their published work on the Tikrit J. Pure Sci. website, while Tikrit J. Pure Sci. is responsible for appreciate citation of their work, which is released under CC-BY-4.0, enabling the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of an article in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
References
[1] I.K. MacKenzie, C.W. Shulte, T. Jackman, J.L.
Campbell, Phys. Rev. A 7,p. 135, (1973).
[2] E. Jung, R. Venkataraman, S. Starnes, A.H.
Weiss, Mater. Sci. Forum p. 255-708, (1997).
[3] R. Behnish, Phys. Status Solidi 33, p.375 (1969).
[4] P. Coleman “Positron Beams and their
Applications” (World Scientific), ( 1999).
[5] A.Dupasquier and Mills Jr A P, eds “Positron
Spectroscopy of Solids “(Proc. Int. School of Physics
”Enrico Fermi”: Course CXXV (IOS Press),( 1995).
[6] C. M .Surko and Gianturco F A, eds” New
Directions in Antimatter Chemistry and Physics
(Kluwer), (2001 ) .
[7] P. Horodek, and J. Dryzek” GEANT4 simulation
of implantation profiles for positrons injected in
solids from radioactive sources 22Na and Ge Ga 68 68 /
NUKLEONIKA;55(1):p.17−19, (2010).
[8] R. Krause, Rehberg and H.S.Leipner “positron
annihilation in semiconductors “Ch.2 ,p.40-44,
Springer, (1999).
[9] J. dryzek” Defect depth scanning over the
positron implantation profile in aluminum” wAppl.
Phys. A 81, p.1099–1104 ,(2005)
[10] N. Emin Ozmutlu and A. Asuman” Monte
Carlo Calculations of 50 eV-1 MeV Positrons in
Aluminum” Appl. Radiar. hot. Vol. 45, No. 9, p. 963-
971, (1994).
[11] A. Aydin “Monte-Carlo calculations of positron
implantation profiles in silver and gold” Radiation
Physics and Chemistry 59 ,p.277-280,(2000)
[12] J. Dryzek” Detection of Positron Implantation
Profile in Different Materials” Vol. 107 ACTA
PHYSICA POLONICA A No. 4, (2005).
[13] J.Dryzek, E.Dryzek, T. Stegemann, B. Cleff:
Tribology Lett. 3,p. 269 (1997)
[14] A. Vertes, Sandor Nagy, Zoltan Klencsar,
Rezso˝G.Lovas, Frank Rosch ”Handbook of Nuclear
Chemistry Second Edition”ch.27 p.11462-1466
,Springer (2011).
[15] M. Charlton And J. W. Humberston” Positron
Physics”Ch.1, p.20, Cambridge University Press,UK,
(2001)
[16] T. Tabata, Y. Ito, S. Tagawa “Handbook of
Radiation Chemistry” ,Eds. CRC Press, Boca Raton,
New York,(1991).
[17] S., Hubner, Eichler, C and Krause –Rebberg R.
“ A monte-Carlo simulation of positron diffusion in
solids. Appl. surface science Vol.116, p.155-161,
(1997).
[18] S. Valkealahti, and R. M. Nieminen” Monte
Carlo Calculations of keV Electron and Positron
Slowing Down in Solids. II” Appl. Phys. A 35,p. 51,
(1984).
[19] S. Valkealahti and R. M. Nieminen “Monte-
Carlo Calculations of keV Electron and Positron
Slowing Down in Solids” Appl. Phys. A 32, p.95-
106, (1983).
[20]J.Borwein, Bailey, D. H. and Girgensohn, R.
“Experimentation in Mathematics” A. K. Peters.
p. 133, (2003).
[21]J. Dryzek and Douga Singleton”Implantation
profile and linear absorpation coefficients for
positrons injected in solids from radioactive sources
22Na and 68Ge68Ga”Nuclear instrument and methods
in physics research B 252,p.197-204,Elsevier ,(2006).
[22]O.M. Osiele “depth profiling of Aluminium metal
using slow positron beam “Nigerian Journal of
physics 18 (1), p.19-23,(2006).