Computational docking assisted designing of novel phosphate ester carrier for sulphamethoxazole drug as promising anti-bacterial compounds
Main Article Content
Abstract
Aiming to obtain new anti-bacterial agents, nine novel compounds(8-16) having the same essential moieties (phosphate ester, Schiff base and sulfonamide) were subjected to virtual molecular docking screening to investigate the interaction between these compounds and amino acids existing in the active site of dihydropteroate synthase. compounds (5-7) were synthesized, and on the basis of that, proposals for subsequent compounds were built. Virtual compounds were built based on previously prepared compounds (1-6). Docking score, root mean square deviation (RMSD), hydrogen bond type, Pi-Pi bond, salt bridg, and Pi-Cation, and their distance, bonding site of the target and ligand are calculated. The docking score of all compounds was more than standard drug (sulfamethoxazole), and according to these results, our designing compounds may thus serve as potential anti-bacterial drugs.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the article, alter and revise the article, and make commercial use of the article (including reuse and/or resale of the article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made, and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The authors hold the copyright for their published work on the Tikrit J. Pure Sci. website, while Tikrit J. Pure Sci. is responsible for appreciate citation of their work, which is released under CC-BY-4.0, enabling the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of an article in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
References
1. Walsh CT, Haynes SW, Ames BD. Aminobenzoates as building blocks for natural product assembly lines. Nat Prod Rep. 2012;29(1):37-59.
2. Boulton S, Melacini G. Advances in NMR Methods To Map Allosteric Sites: From Models to Translation. Chemical Reviews. 2016;116(11):6267-304.
3. Dennis ML, Chhabra S, Wang Z-C, Debono A, Dolezal O, Newman J, et al. Structure-Based Design and Development of Functionalized Mercaptoguanine Derivatives as Inhibitors of the Folate Biosynthesis Pathway Enzyme 6-Hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin Pyrophosphokinase from Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2014;57(22):9612-26.
4. Sköld O. Resistance to trimethoprim and sulfonamides. Vet Res. 2001;32(3-4):261-73.
5. Hammoudeh DI, Zhao Y, White SW, Lee RE. Replacing sulfa drugs with novel DHPS inhibitors. Future medicinal chemistry. 2013;5(11):1331-40.
6. Kawai T, Kazuhiko I, Takaya N, Yamaguchi Y, Kishii R, Kohno Y, et al. Sulfonamide-based non-alkyne LpxC inhibitors as Gram-negative antibacterial agents. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. 2017;27(4):1045-9.
7. Sköld O. Sulfonamide resistance: mechanisms and trends. Drug resistance updates. 2000;3(3):155-60.
8. Saleem H, Maryam A, Bokhari S, Ashiq A, Rauf S, Khalid R, et al. Design, synthesis, characterization and computational docking studies of novel sulfonamide derivatives. EXCLI Journal. 2018;17:169-80.
9. Khan F, Mushtaq S, Naz S, Farooq U, Zaidi A, Bukhari S, et al. Sulfonamides as potential bioactive scaffolds. Current Organic Chemistry. 2018;22.
10. Markowicz-Piasecka M, Sadkowska A, Sikora J, Broncel M, Huttunen KM. Novel Sulfonamide-Based Analogs of Metformin Exert Promising Anti-Coagulant Effects without Compromising Glucose-Lowering Activity. Pharmaceuticals. 2020;13(10):323.
11. Raj V, Lee J. 2H/4H-Chromenes—A Versatile Biologically Attractive Scaffold. Frontiers in Chemistry. 2020;8(623).
12. Kołaczek A, Fusiarz I, Lawecka J, Branowska D. Biological activity and synthesis of sulfonamide derivatives: A brief review. Chemik. 2014;68:620-8.
13. Ahmed M, Qadir MA, Shafiq MI, Muddassar M, Samra ZQ, Hameed A. Synthesis, characterization, biological activities and molecular modeling of Schiff bases of benzene sulfonamides bearing curcumin scaffold. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2019;12(1):41-53.
14. El-Gaby M, A Ammar Y, IH El-Qaliei M, M Ali A, F Hussein M, A Faraghally F. Sulfonamides: Synthesis and the recent applications in Medicinal Chemistry. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry. 2020;63(12):5289-327.
15. Bala S, Uppal G, Kajal A, Kamboj S, Sharma V. Hydrazones as promising lead with diversity in bioactivity-therapeutic potential in present scenario. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2013;18(1):65-74.
16. Dawood ZA, Algburi FS, Naji NA. Synthesis of new thioester derivative of aspirin and study its effect on some biochemical parameters in blood serum of rabbits. Tik J of Pure Sci. 2022;27(2):16-22.
17. Schultz C. Prodrugs of biologically active phosphate esters. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 2003;11(6):885-98.
18. Hameed FAEaAS. Synthesis, characterization and biological activity evaluation of new sulfamethoxazole-phosphate ester and their release at different acidic media. Biochem Cell Arch. 2021;21(1):433-348.