Detection of Salmonella, Shigella and Candida spp. in stool from diarrheal children and evaluation the heating effect on Salmonella phage in Kirkuk city
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Abstract
Background: Salmonella spp. and Shigella are two pathogenic members within the Enterobacteriaceae family, and they are causing food poisoning and diarrhea that transmits via oral route by contaminated food and water especially in children from ages 1 day to 14 years.
Objective: focus on the study of Salmonella spp., Shigella and Candida spp. isolated from diarrheal children in Kirkuk city and diagnose via in vitro bacterial diagnosis with traditional fermentation chemical tests, API 20E, RapIDTM ONE technology and Vitek 2 compact system, as well as study the thermal stability of isolated Salmonella phage,
Method: Collecting (200) cases of diarrhea from children in Kirkuk hospitals, through an epidemiological statistical study and conventional methods for diagnosis enteric bacteria with API 20E and RapIDTM ONE, and non-typhi Salmonella isolates (S.typhimurium) were identified with Vitek 2 compact System. Bacterial sensitivity tests to antibiotics were verified by Kerby - Bauer disk diffusion method and Candida spp. with CHROM agar Candida and API 20C AUX ; The Salmonella phage was isolated by spot assay, then exposed to different temperatures before the observation of degradation range of the exposed phage to the salmonella non-typhi, on Tryptic Soy Agar medium (TSA).
Results: Salmonella spp., Shigella and E. coli isolated in rate of 6%, 0.5% and 51.5% respectively while intestinal candida detected in rate of 89.5% in total of 200 children were diagnosed, in which 113 samples of males (56.5%) and 87 samples of females (43.5%) (p> 0.05), the degradation range was observed to the exposed phage to degrees (35, 40) C. for (15, 30) minutes, and stopped at the exposed Salmonella phages to temperatures (45) at 30 minutes.
Conclusion: The prevalence of salmonella and shigella was relatively low and the highest incidence of Salmonella was within the age groups ranging between (11-14) and (1-6) year compared to other age groups. Isolated strains showed multidrug resistance (MDR), As well the genus Candida albicans was the most common type compared to other intestinal Candida species in children with diarrhea. and it has been found that salmonella phage can be isolated from sewage water and chicken's droppings by simple methods.
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