Hydro-Geomorphological Modeling of Kani-Pan Sub Basin in Sulaimani City Using Spatial Information Technology
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study is based on multiple data including satellite image, DEM, climate data, geological map, soil map, basin drainage map, land use and land cover map to estimate the volume of water and sediment yield that can Kani Ban basin to convey Tanjero basin. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to achieve the aims of the study. The results showed that the rainfall on the study area is estimated at about 380 mm, while rates of runoff ranged between (73.16-151.18 mm). The percolation rates ranged between (117.48-195.94mm) and high values were concentrated in the northern and southern parts of the basin. Sediment yield was calculated using modified soil erosion equation, total amount of sediment ranged from (0.03-2.43 t / ha), at a rate of (1 t / km2). The water yield of the valleys ranged from (140.76 to 200.84) mm, where the water yield within secondary basins ranged from (120.25 to 214.95 mm).
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the article, alter and revise the article, and make commercial use of the article (including reuse and/or resale of the article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made, and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The authors hold the copyright for their published work on the Tikrit J. Pure Sci. website, while Tikrit J. Pure Sci. is responsible for appreciate citation of their work, which is released under CC-BY-4.0, enabling the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of an article in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
References
[1] Bety, Azhar Kh.S., (2013). Urban Geomorphology of Sulaimani City, Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Unpub. PhD. thesis, University of Sulaimani, Iraq.
[2] Srinivasan R, Huisman S, Breuer L (2004) European SWAT summer school 2004: user’s manual. Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resources Management Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, B.
[3] Vasiljevic, B.; McBean, E.; Gharabaghi, B., (2012). Trends in Rainfall Intensity for Stormwater Designs in Ontario. J. Water Clim. Chang. 2012, 3, 1–10
[4] Todeschini, S., (2012). Trends in long daily rainfall series of Lombardia (Northern Italy) affecting urban stormwater control. Int. J. Climatol. 2012, 32, 900–919. [CrossRef]
[5] Jassim, S. Z. and Goff, T., (2006). Phanerozoic development of the northern Arabian Plate, In: Jassim S.Z., Goff, J. C., Geology of Iraq, publication of Dolin, Prague and Moravian Museum, Brno, 341p
[6] Al-Qayim, B., Ibrahim, A. O., and Koyi, H., (2012). Tectono Stratigraphic overview of the Zagros Suture Zone, Kurdistan Region, Northeast Iraq. GeoArabia, 2012, V17, No.4, P 109-156.
[7] AL-Hakari, S. H., (2011). Geometric Analysis and Structural Evolution of NW Sulaimani Area, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Unpub. PhD. thesis, University of Sulaimani, Iraq.
[8] Ali S. S., (2007). Geology and hydrogeology of Sharazoor - Piramagroon basin in Sulaimani area, northeastern Iraq. Unpublished PhD thesis, Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade, Serbia. 330p.
[9] BarzinjiKh. T., (2003). Hydrologic studies for Goizha-Dabashan and other watersheds in Sulaimani governorate. Msc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, Univ. of Sulaimani. 224 p.
[10] Shamsi, U. M. (2005). GIS applications for water, wastewater, and storm water systems, Taylor & Francis Group.
[11] Mance, G., Raven, P. J. Bramley, (2002). Integrated River Basin Management in England and Wales: Policy Perspective. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 339.
[12] Duan W, He B, Takara K, et al (2017) Impacts of climate change on the hydro-climatology of the upper Ishikari river basin , Japan. Environ Earth Sci 76:1–16. doi: 10.1007/s12665-017-6805-4
[13] Singh, V.P., 1995. Watershed Modeling In Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology (V. Singh, Ed.). Water Resources Publications, Highlands Ranch, Colorado. p. 17-22.
[14] Cudennece, C. and Fouad, Y. (2006). Structural patterns in river network organization at both infra- and supra-basin levels: the case of a granitic relief, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 31, 369{381.
[15] Goudie A., etal, 2005 "Geomorphological Techniques", Taylor & Francis e-Library, New York.
[16] Hamamin, D. F., (2011). Hydrogeological assessment and groundwater vulnerability map of Basara basin, Sulaimani Governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan region, Unpub. Ph.D. thesis, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan region, Iraq.
[17] Stevanovic, Z, and Markovic, M., (2003). Hydrogeology of Northern Iraq, Climate, Hydrology, Geomorphology & Geology., Vol.1, 2nd edition, FAO
[18] Mishra H, Mario D, Shakti D, et al (2017) Hydrological simulation of a small ungauged agricultural watershed Semrakalwana of Northern India. Appl Water Sci. doi: 10.1007/s13201-017-0531-7
[19] Yang Q, Meng F, Zhao Z, et al (2009) Assessing the impacts of flow diversion terraces on stream water and sediment yields at a watershed level using SWAT model. Agric Ecosyst Environ 132:23–31. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2009.02.012
[20] Harvey, R.; de Lange, M.; McBean, E.; Trenouth, W.; Zimmer, C.; James, P., (2017). Asset Condition of Municipal Water, Wastewater and Stormwater Systems—Challenges and Directions Forward. Can. Water Resour.
[21] Kavian A, Golshan M, Abdollahi Z (2017) Flow discharge simulation based on land use change predictions. Environ Earth Sci 76:1–17. doi: 10.1007/s12665-017-6906-0
[22] Alipour M, Hosseini M (2018) Simulation of surface runoff in Karaj dam basin, Iran. Appl Water Sci 8:1–10. doi: 10.1007/s13201-018-0782-y.
[23] Dutta S (2016) Soil erosion , sediment yield and sedimentation of reservoir : a review. Model Earth Syst Environ 2:1–18. doi: 10.1007/s40808-016-0182-y
[24] Samad N, Hamid M, Muhammad C, et al (2016) Sediment yield assessment and identification of check dam sites for Rawal Dam catchment. Arab J Geosci 9:1–14. doi: 10.1007/s12517-016-2484-9
[25] Langat PK, Kumar L, Koech R (2018) Understanding water and land use within Tana and Athi River Basins in Kenya: opportunities for improvement. Sustain Water ResourManag 0:0. doi: 10.1007/s40899-018-0274-0.
[26] Arekhi S, Niazi Y, Kalteh AM (2010) Soil erosion and sediment yield modeling using RS and GIS techniques: a case study, Iran[J]. Arab J Geosci 5:285–29