Molecular Methods for Detecting Bacteria Causing Gastric Ulcers and Gastritis in Nineveh Governorate
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most widespread bacteria in human communities worldwide and is primarily associated with gastrointestinal diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers or even gastric cancer because it contains a number of virulence factors. The purpose of this study was to find 16S rRNA in stomach biopsies from patients with gastritis in Mosul and uncover some of the virulence genes of H. pylori. The study was carried out in hospitals in Mosul, Iraq, from June 2023 to April 2024. Fifty samples were collected from 50 individuals, ages 14 to 85. During endoscopy, the gastroenterologist, a specialist physician, collected gastric biopsy samples from the corpus stomach. PCR was performed on the gastric biopsies. Fifty gastritis-afflicted samples are included in this investigation. The highest frequency was found in patients aged 26–40 and 41–60, while the lowest frequency was found in patients aged 61–85. PCR was used to find H. Pylori. The study discovered that 50 (100%) of the gastrointestinal patients had positive 16SrRNA results. Furthermore, this study discovered that 44 (88%) of the cagA gene was negative and 6 (12%) positive. The high frequency of these factors in gastritis patients' biopsies is concerning and necessitates ongoing monitoring, considering the significant role that the studied virulence factors play in the pathophysiology of H. pylori.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the article, alter and revise the article, and make commercial use of the article (including reuse and/or resale of the article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made, and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The authors hold the copyright for their published work on the Tikrit J. Pure Sci. website, while Tikrit J. Pure Sci. is responsible for appreciate citation of their work, which is released under CC-BY-4.0, enabling the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of an article in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
References
1. Mao X, Jakubovics NS, Bächle M, Buchalla W, Hiller K-A, Maisch T, et al. Colonization of Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity–an endless controversy? Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 2021;47(5):612-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1040841X.2021.1907740
2. Maixner F, Thorell K, Granehäll L, Linz B, Moodley Y, Rattei T, et al. Helicobacter pylori in ancient human remains. World journal of gastroenterology. 2019;25(42):6289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i42.6289
3. Wang C, Qu Y, Chen H, Peng M, Feng J, Guo X, et al. Risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection among military patients: a hospital-based cross-sectional study. AME Medical Journal. 2022;7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/amj-22-37
4. Ren S, Cai P, Liu Y, Wang T, Zhang Y, Li Q, et al. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in China: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology. 2022;37(3):464-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgh.15751
5. Alexander SM, Retnakumar RJ, Chouhan D, Devi TNB, Dharmaseelan S, Devadas K, et al. Helicobacter pylori in human stomach: the inconsistencies in clinical outcomes and the probable causes. Frontiers in microbiology. 2021;12:713955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.713955
6. De Re V, Repetto O, Zanussi S, Casarotto M, Caggiari L, Canzonieri V, et al. Protein signature characterizing Helicobacter pylori strains of patients with autoimmune atrophic gastritis, duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. Infectious Agents and Cancer. 2017;12:1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13027-017-0133-x
7. Tilahun M, Gedefie A, Belayhun C, Sahle Z, Abera A. Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity islands and giardia lamblia cysteine proteases in role of coinfection and pathogenesis. Infection and Drug Resistance. 2022:21-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S346705
8. Mahdavi J, Sondén B, Hurtig M, Olfat FO, Forsberg L, Roche N, et al. Helicobacter pylori SabA adhesin in persistent infection and chronic inflammation. Science. 2002;297(5581):573-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1069076
9. Jasim HT, Jasim ME, Khalaf MM. Study of the effect of Helicobacter pylori bacteria on some levels of trace elements in injured patients in Samarra city. Tikrit Journal of Pure Science. 2022;27(1):19-23. https://doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v24i4.389
10. Sousa C, Ferreira R, Santos SB, Azevedo NF, Melo LD. Advances on diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infections. Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 2023;49(6):671-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1040841X.2022.2125287
11. Bordin DS, Voynovan IN, Andreev DN, Maev IV. Current Helicobacter pylori diagnostics. Diagnostics. 2021;11(8):1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081458
12. Hussein RA, Al-Ouqaili MT, Majeed YH. Detection of Helicobacter Pylori infection by invasive and non-invasive techniques in patients with gastrointestinal diseases from Iraq: A validation study. Plos one. 2021;16(8):e0256393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256393
13. Bindayna K, Baker W, Botta G. Detection of Helicobacter pylori cagA gene in gastric biopsies, clinical isolates and faeces. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2006;24(3):195-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0255-0857(21)02349-5
14. Mohammad NM, Salih SM. Helicobacter pylori infection Evluated by C14-urea Breath test and its Relation with age, sex and ABO/Rhesus blood Groups in Patients with Gastrointestinal complaints in Kirkuk City/Iraq. Tikrit Journal of Pure Science. 2019;24(4):12-5. https://doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v24i4.389
15. Alrubaye A, Awadh HA, Faris F. Molecular detection of Helicobacter pylori isolated from biopsies of gastritis patients based on the presence of 16srRNA and VacA S1/S2-UreA virulence genes. Tikrit Journal of Pure Science. 2024;29(1):49-57. https://doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v29i1.1489
16. Ahmed KS, Madompoyil B, Ghebremedhin AA, Issac J, Ahi JD, Khan AA, et al. Studying the importance of VacA gene of Helicobacter pylori in identifying the pathogenicity of strains by comparing it with the disease status of the subjects. 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jct.2013.41A010
17. Ali SF. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in saliva from some Iraqi patients in comparison with other methods. University of Baghdad. 2013.
18. Zsikla V, Hailemariam S, Baumann M, Mund MT, Schaub N, Meier R, et al. Increased rate of Helicobacter pylori infection detected by PCR in biopsies with chronic gastritis. The American journal of surgical pathology. 2006;30(2):242-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pas.0000186397.18206.1b
19. Ansari S, Yamaoka Y. Helicobacter pylori infection, its laboratory diagnosis, and antimicrobial resistance: a perspective of clinical relevance. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2022;35(3):e00258-21. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00258-21
20. Sarma A, Saikia L, Bhuyan RK, Hussain ME. Molecular identification and detection of virulent factors in Helicobacter pylori from gastric biopsy samples of patients attended at Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India. Indian journal of medical microbiology. 2017;35(4):600-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_17_232
21. Yang H, Hu B. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and recent advances. Diagnostics. 2021;11(8):1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081305
22. FA. H. Study the expression of P53 & PCNA in cag A positive strain. M.Sc thesis, College of Medicine.: Baghdad; 2012.
23. Wang Y-K, Kuo F-C, Liu C-J, Wu M-C, Shih H-Y, Wang SS, et al. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: Current options and developments. World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG. 2015;21(40):11221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i40.11221
24. Idowu A, Mzukwa A, Harrison U, Palamides P, Haas R, Mbao M, et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori and its virulence genes (cag A, dup A, and vac A) among patients with gastroduodenal diseases in Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, South Africa. BMC gastroenterology. 2019;19:1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12876-019-0986-0