The polymorphism of Apelin gene rs2235306 and serum Apelin level in breast cancer women in Samarra- Iraqi population

Main Article Content

Safa Shihab Ahmed
Mousa J.AL-Humesh
Akell H.Al-Assie

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer leading to death in women and the fifth type of cancer leading to death worldwide, The study was done on 59 women, including 20 non-breast cancer women as a control group, their ages ranged from (30-74years) and 39 women with breast cancer their ages ranged from (29-80years).The results showed  significant increase (p ≤0.05) in the concentration of Apelin in women with BC compared with non-breast cancer women, This finding suggests that Apelin may promoted carcinogenesis. The result of Apelin rs2235306 polymorphism using T-ARMS-PCR technique show no difference in the allele frequencies between BC patients and control group,  the results also show that there is no association of the observed genotypes (TT&TC) with serum Apelin concentration in the studied Population. The result of the study suggest that the serum Apelin level can be independent of Apelin rs2235306 polymorphism which should be confirmed by further studies on larger populations.


The aim: The aim of this study was to determine Apelin level in serum and apln rs2235306 polymorphism in breast cancer (BC) patients in Samarra city-Iraq.

Article Details

How to Cite
Safa Shihab Ahmed, Mousa J.AL-Humesh, & Akell H.Al-Assie. (2019). The polymorphism of Apelin gene rs2235306 and serum Apelin level in breast cancer women in Samarra- Iraqi population. Tikrit Journal of Pure Science, 24(6), 10–14. https://doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v24i6.429
Section
Articles

References

[1] Bray, F.; Ferlay, J.; Soerjomataram, I.; Siegel, R. L.; Torre, L. A. & Jemal, A. (2018). Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA cancer journal for clinicians, 68(6): 394-424.

[2] WHO (World Health Organization). (2010). Strategy for cancer prevention and control in the Eastern Mediterranean Region 2009-2013. WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean: Cairo: 5-11.

[3] Alwan, N. A. (2016). Breast cancer among Iraqi women: Preliminary findings from a regional comparative Breast Cancer Research Project. Journal of global oncology, 2(5): 255-258.

[4] Tatemoto, K.; Hosoya, M.; Habata, Y.; Fujii, R.; Kakegawa, T.; Zou, M. X.; & Kurokawa, T. & et al. (1998). Isolation and characterization of a novel endogenous peptide ligand for the human APJ receptor. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 251(2): 471-476.

[5] Trayhurn, P.; Bing, C. & Wood, I. S. (2006). Adipose tissue and adipokines—energy regulation from the human perspective. The Journal of nutrition, 136(7): 1935-1939.

[6] Ouchi, N.; Parker, J. L. ; Lugus, J. J. & Walsh, K. ( 2011). Adipokines in inflammation and metabolic disease. Nature reviews immunology, 11(2): 85.

[7] Kidoya, H.; Kunii, N. ; Naito, H. ; Muramatsu, F.; Okamoto, Y.; Nakayama, T. & Takakura, N. (2012). The Apelin/APJ system induces maturation of the tumor vasculature and improves the efficiency of immune therapy. Oncogene, 31(27): 3254-3264.

[8] Berta, J., Hoda, M. A., Laszlo, V., Rozsas, A., Garay, T., Torok, S., ... & Masri, B. (2014). Apelin promotes lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis. Oncotarget, 5(12), 4426.

[9] O'Dowd, B. F. (1993). A human gene that shows identity with the gene encoding the angiotensin receptor is located on chromosome 11. Gene, 136(1): 355-360.

[10] Haghparast, E.; Esmaeili - Mahani, S.; Abbasnejad, M. & Sheibani, V. (2018). Apelin-13

ameliorates cognitive impairments in 6-hydroxydopamine - induced substantia nigra lesion in rats. Neuropeptides, 68: 28-35.

[11] Xu, S. ; Zhang, J.; Xu, Y. L.; Wu, H. B.; Xue, X. D. & Wang, H. S.( 2017). Relationship between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, Apelin, and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. BioMed research international.

[12] Zhou, Q.; Cao, J. & Chen, L. (2016). Apelin/APJ system: A novel therapeutic target for oxidative stress-related inflammatory diseases. International journal of molecular medicine, 37(5): 1159-1169.

[13] Than, A.; Zhang, X. ; Leow, M, S.; Poh, C. L.; Chong, S. K.; Chen, P.(2014). Apelin attenuates oxidative stress in human adipocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 289: 3763–3774.

[14] Wang, Z.; Greeley, G. H. & Qiu, S. (2008). Immunohistochemical localization of apelin in human normal breast and breast carcinoma. Journal of molecular histology, 39(1): 121-124.

[15] Ali, S. M. ; Mahnaz, S. & Mahmood, T. )2008). Rapid genomic DNA extraction (RGDE). Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series, 1(1): 63-65.

[16] Mehanna, E. T., Abo-Elmatty, D. M., Ghattas, M. H., Mesbah, N. M., & Saleh, S. M. (2015). Apelin rs2235306 polymorphism is not related to metabolic syndrome in Egyptian women. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, 16(1), 35-40.

[17] Salman, T.; Demir, L.; Varol, U.; Akyol, M.; Oflazoglu, U.; Yildiz, Y., Alacacioglu, A.,& et al. (2016). Serum Apelin levels and body composition changes in breast cancer patients treated with an aromatase inhibitor. J BUON, 21: 1419-24.

[18] Wan, Y. et al. (2015). Dysregulated microRNA-224/ apelin axis associated with aggressive progression and poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer. Human pathology, 46(2): 295-303.

[19] Diakowska, D.; Markocka - Mączka, K.; Szelachowski, P. & Grabowski, K. (2014). Serum levels of resistin, adiponectin, and apelin in gastroesophageal cancer patients. Disease markers, 2014:1-7

[20] Altinkaya, S. O.; Nergiz, S.; Küçük, M. & Yüksel, H. ( 2015). Apelin levels are higher in obese patients with endometrial cancer. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 41(2): 294-300.

[21] Picault, F. X.et al. (2014). Tumour co-expression of apelin and its receptor is the basis of an autocrine loop involved in the growth of colon adenocarcinomas. European Journal of Cancer, 50(3): 663-674.

[22] Yang, L. et al. (2013). ERK1/2 mediates lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and autophagy induced by apelin-13. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin, 46(2): 100-111.

[23] Zuurbier, L.et al. (2017). Apelin: a putative novel predictive biomarker for bevacizumab response in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget, 8(26), 42949.

[24] Falcone, C.;Bozzini, S.; Schirinzi, S.;Buzzi, M. P.; Boiocchi, C.; Totaro, R.;& Pelissero, G. (2012). APJ polymorphisms in coronary artery disease patients with and without hypertension. Molecular medicine reports, 5(2): 321-325.

[25] Jin, W.; Su, X.; Xu, M.; Liu, Y.; Shi, J.; Lu, L.; & Niu, W. (2012). Interactive association of five candidate polymorphisms in Apelin/APJ pathway with coronary artery disease among Chinese hypertensive patients. PLoS One, 7(12): 51123.

[26] Chen, M. M.; Ashley, E. A.; Deng, D. X.; Tsalenko, A.; Deng, A.; Tabibiazar, R.; & Fowler, M. (2003). Novel role for the potent endogenous inotrope Apelin in human cardiac dysfunction. Circulation, 108(12): 1432-1439.

[27] Güven, R.; Akyol, K. C.; Bayar, N.; Keşaplı, M.; Şaşmaz, M. İ.; Arı, A.; & Arslan, Ş. (2017). The association between Apelin gene polymorphism and coronary artery disease in young patients with acute obstructive coronary syndrome. Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology, 45(6): 520-526.

[28] Nattenmuller, C. J.; Kriegsmann, M.; Sookthai, D. ; Fortner, R. T.; Steffen, A.; Walter, B.; ... & Sinn, H. P. (2018). Obesity as risk factor for subtypes of breast cancer: results from a prospective cohort study. BMC cancer, 18(1): 616.