Application of GIS Technique to Evaluate the Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Purposes
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Geographic Information System (GIS) technique has been applied in the current study to produce irrigation water quality index (IWQI) map for the Karbala provenience in Iraq. For this purpose, hundred and twenty two (122) samples of groundwater have been collected for various sites of the study area. These samples have been analyzed for different elements that affect the irrigation water quality. Specifically, five chemicals parameters were used Electrical conductivity (EC), Cl-, HCO3-1, Na% and Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) to create the database of water quality which has been transferred to the GIS platform to produce a spatial distribution map of each parameter using reverse interpolation technique (IDW). The results of these parameters were also used to calculate irrigation water quality index values, and transferred to the GIS platform for the production of the irrigation water quality index map. Accordingly the groundwater in the studied area is unsuitable for irrigation except for a small part which represents 8 % of the total area that could be used with high permeability soils, which have the ability to carry a high proportion of salts.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the article, alter and revise the article, and make commercial use of the article (including reuse and/or resale of the article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made, and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The authors hold the copyright for their published work on the Tikrit J. Pure Sci. website, while Tikrit J. Pure Sci. is responsible for appreciate citation of their work, which is released under CC-BY-4.0, enabling the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of an article in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
References
[1] USSL Staff., (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. USDA Agr Handbook No. 60, Washington DC.
[2] Wilcox L. V., (1955). Classification and use of irrigation water, U.S.A Dept. Ag. Circ. 696, Washington DC. 19p.
[3] Meireles, A., Andrade E. M., Chaves L., Frischkorn, H., and Crisostomo, L.A. (2010): A new proposal of the classification of irrigation water", Revista Ciencia A gronomica, Vol. (41), No. (3), p.349-357.
[4] Omran, I., and Marwa F., 2015. Evaluation of Drainage Water Quality for Irrigation by Integration between Irrigation Water Quality Index and GIS, International Journal of Technical Research and Applications, Vol. (3), No.4, p. 24 – 32.
[5] AL-Mussawi, W. H. (2014). Assessment of Groundwater Quality in UMM ER Radhuma Aquifer (Iraqi Western Desert) by Integration between Irrigation Water Quality Index and GIS, Civil Engineering, University of Karbala, Iraq.
[6] Rasul M. K and Waqed H. H. (2015). Evaluation of irrigation water quality index (IWQI) for al-dammam confined aquifer in the west and southwest of karbala city, iraq, International Journal of Civil Engineering (IJCE), Vol. (2), NO. (3) pp. 21-34
[7] Rokbani, M.K., Gueddari N., and Bouhlila, R. (2011). Use of Geographical Information System and Water Quality Index to Assess Groundwater Quality in El Khairat Deep Aquifer (Enfidha, Tunisian Sahel),Iranica Journal of Energy and Environment Vol.(2), No.2, pp. 133-144.
[8] Jerome, C. and Pius, A. (2010). Evaluation of water quality index and its impact on the quality of life in an industrial area in Bangalore, South India, American, Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Vol. (1), No. (3), pp.595-603.
[9] Holanda, J. S. and Amorim, J. A. 1997. Management and control salinity and irrigated agriculture water"In: Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia setting, 26, Campina Grande, pp.137-169.
[10] Sissakian, V. K. (1995): Geologic map of Karbala quadrangle, sheet NI-38-14, Geologic map of Iraq GM 26, Scale 1:250000, 1st Edition, Baghdad, Iraq.
[11] Consortium-Yugoslavia, (1977). Water development projects, western desert-Blook7, hydrogeological explorations and hydrotechnical work, hydrogeology, Vol. (5), Republic of Iraq, Directorate of western desert development projects.
[12] Al-Jawad, S.B., Al-Dabagh R.H., Mussa , M. S. and Al-Hady H.A. (2002). Hydrogeology of the Aquifers in the Western Desert -west and south of the Euphrates River, sections I and II, the national program, unpublished. [13] Ayers R.S and Westcot, D.W. (1994). Water quality for agriculture: FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 29, Revision 1. pp. 1-130.
[14] Bernardo, S. 1995. Manual de Irrigacao, 4th edition, Vicosa: UFV, 488p Hatem K.S. Al-Jiburi 2002. Hydrogeological and Hydrochemical study of
karbala Quadrangle. Geosurver ministry of industry and minerals state company of geological survey and mining: Re. NO, Bagada, Iraq (in Arabic)
[15] Ayers, R.S and Westcot, D.W. (1985). Water quality for agriculture, Irrigation and Drainage paper No. 29, Rev.I, U. N. FAO, Rome.
[16] Landschoot p. (2013). Irrigation Water Quality Guidelines for Trufgrass Sites, PENN State University, College of Agriculture Science, Plant Science, http://plantscience.psu.edu
[17] Tijani M.N. (1994). Hydrochemical assessment of groundwater in Moro Area, Kwara State, Nigeria. Environ Geol 24:194–202
[18] Nagarajan R., Rajmohan N., Mahendran U., Senthamilkumar S. (2010). Evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural use in Thanjavur City, Tamil Nadu, India Environ. Monit. Assess. Vol (171), pp.289–308
[19] Varol, S. and A. Davraz, 2015. Evaluation of the groundwater quality with WQI (Water Quality Index) and multivariate analysis: a case study of the Tefenni plain (Burdur/Turkey), Environ Earth Sci. Vol. (73), pp.1725–1744
[20] Simsek, C., and Gunduz, O. (2007). IWQ index: A GIS integrated technique to assess irrigation water quality", Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. (128), pp. 277–300.