Bacteriological and Physiological Study of bacterial infection of the blood stream
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The study was included to collect one hundred blood samples of peoples suspected with Bacteremia at different ages and both sex Kirkuk General Hospital and Azadi Hospital. The results indurated to found positive bacterial growth at 16 blood samples, while 86 samples found negative bacterial growth. The 11 isolates was appear as gram positive bacteria, while Ten of them were as Staphylococcus species, one was Clostridium perfringens, and Five isolates Gram negative bacteria, Burkloderia cepacia, Pseudomonas alcaligenese, Stenotrophonas maltiphilia, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia – coli. all Staphylococcus isolates were appear are sensitive to imipenem, vancomycin, followed by the amoxicillin - clavulanic acid for 8 isolates and Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol and Amikacin were sensitive to 7 isolates while all Staphylococcus isolates were resistance to cefixime followed by azithromycin, erythromycin. The study showed Stenotrophomonas mltophilia were the most resistant antimicrobial isolates used in the study. The results of the physiological tests showed that the PCV values were lower in most blood samples of patients with bacteremia, whereas increased values for Clotting time, WBC due to toxic effects of invasive bacteria.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the article, alter and revise the article, and make commercial use of the article (including reuse and/or resale of the article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made, and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The authors hold the copyright for their published work on the Tikrit J. Pure Sci. website, while Tikrit J. Pure Sci. is responsible for appreciate citation of their work, which is released under CC-BY-4.0, enabling the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of an article in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
References
[1] Ziegler, E. Fisher, C. sprung , C. Stranbe, R. adoff, J. (1991). Tretment of negative bacteria G- and septoz shock with HA–LA human monoclonal antibody aginc endotoxin. Arandomized ,double - blin A. Placebo-controlled trial .the HA.L A.sepsis study Group. N Engl J Med Feb. 14.324(7) 4229-36. [2] Ochei, D. (2000). Pus abscess and wound medical labuvatory science. theory and practices. tata McGraw llill eduction PP622.
[3] wain, J. Diep, T. Ho, V. etal (1998). Quantation of bacteria in blood of typhoid fever Patients and relations ahip between counts and clinical features, transmissibility and antibiotic resistance. J Clin microbiology: 36.p1683-1687.
[4] Andrade, S. Bispo, M. and Gales, A. (2008). Advances in the microbiological diagnosis of sepsis .shock ; 30:41-46.
[5] Drew ,P . Charles, R. Trevor, B. and Inderjeet, D. (2009). Oxford hand book of clinical Hematology. ed (3) Ch 17:776-785.
[6] Honda, H. Krauss, Mg. Jones, JC.(2010). The value of infectious diseases consolation in Staphylococcus aureas bacterium. Am. J. med . : 123(7)P31-7.
[7] Bailey and Scotts (2002) Diagnostic Microbiology general Mosby , Inc Ed ll.ch 55:865-883.
[8] Christoph k..N. (2009). Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Epidemiology path physiology and management strategies. Clinical infection Diseases .48:231-237.
[9] Opota, O. Croxatto, A. Prod hom, G. and Grenb, G. (2015). Blood culture-based diagnosis of bacteraemia Institute of Microbiology University of Lausanne and university hospital centre, Bugnon. 44 : 10 .
[10] Kirby,W.Bauer,A.(1966). Susceptibility test with single high- concentration antimicrobial disks Ant microbe agents chemotherby 3(3):418-424 .
[11] NCCL (2004). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility testing Fourteenth informational supplement. NCCLS, Wayne, pa.
[12] ZainAl-Abdeen, S.S., (2014) Antibiotics in Brief, Library of Dijla. Baghdad, Iraq,1(14):115-121.
[13] Arshad H.M., Muhiuddin M. and Azmi M.B. (2012). Comparative in vitro antibacterial analysis of different brands of cefixim against .Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Journal of Applied pharmaceutical Science. 02(01): 109-113.
[14] Pantosti, A., Sarchini, A. and Monaco, M. (2007). Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Future. Microbiology, VOL .2-No 3.
[15] Ali, K.F.; Sultan, S., Rizvi, A. and Shukla, M. (2014). Resistance constitutive and Inducible patters in Erythromycin Resistance constitutive clinical isolate of Staphylococcus species. Int. J. of microbiology Research .5(3):185-189.
[16] Lehn, N.H. (2005). Methicillin- resistante Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Dtsch Med Wachenschr 130:582-585.
[17] Karr, D.M(1998). Microbiological and Clinical Aspects of infection Associated with Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia. Clinical microbiology Reviews .11(1):57-80.
[18] Chang, Y.T. (2015). Update on infection caused be Stenotrophomunas maltophilia with particular attention to resistance mechanism and therapeutic options .Front Microbial .6:893.
[19] Aldona, B. and Raymond, S. (1994). Pseudomonas aeruginosa :Infection and Tretment. In forma health. Care : 3-84.
[20] Robert, M.; ALejaudra, C.; ALejaud, P. and Dunielac, D. (2003). Multiple antibiotic resistance mechanism including .Novel combination of extended. Spectrum B–Lactamases in Klebsiella pneumoniae ,clinical strain isolated in Argentina. Journal of Antimicrobil chemotherapy.52:36-42.
[21] Poole, K. (2004). Efflux Mediated multioe Multiresistnce in gram negative bacteria .Clinical . microbiology and Infeciton.10. (1) : 12-26 .
[22] Matthaion, D. and Tsolkas, P. (2011). Acase of Bactremia due to Burkholderia cepacia in Patient without cystic fibrosis. Respiratory Medicine CME .volume 4,lssue 3: 144-145 .
[23] Burns, J. ; Wadsworth C.; Barry, J. and Goodall, C. (1996). Nucleotide sequence analysis of agene from Burkholderia cepacia encoding an outer membrane lipoprotein involved in multiple antibiotic resistance. Antimicrob Agents chemotherapy.40: 307-313.
[24] Tribuddharat, M. R. and Bakerpand W.D. (2003). Burkholderia pseudomallei class a beta – Lactamase mutatians that confer selective resistance against ceftzidime or clavulanic acid in hibition . Antimicrob Agents Chemotherapy ;17:2082-2087.
[25] Kibre, M. and Abera, B. (2011). Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of E.coli .From clinical sources in northeast Ethiopi. .Afr. Health S. 1:P 40-45.
[26] Nileshraj, B.P.; Managaiark, G.; Karasi ,A .and Ali, M. (2016) antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern in blood and urine culture reports Detained from puediatric in tertiary care hospital, pondicherry. Indian Journal of Basic and Applied medical Research . Vol 5.lssuse2 p.487-497.
[27] Hooper, D.; Wolfson, J.; Souza, K.; Tung, C.; Mchgh, G.and Swartzm .M. (1986). Genetic and biochemical characterization of norfloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli .Antimicrob Agents chemother . 29.4:632-644. 31.
[28] Ortizj, V.; Sordaho, G.; Minanaj, G. (1999). Infection caused by Escherichia coli resistant, norfioxacin in hosphitalized cirrhotic patients . Hepatology ; 29(4): l064-l069.
[29] Idam J. and Ute M. (1997). Clostridium perfringens septicemia with Massive hemolysis in a patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Am. J. Emerg. Med; 15(2):152-4.
[30] Michael, Millard, A. Kathleen, A.M. and Wispelwey, B. (2016). Sever sepsis due To Clostridium perfringeins .Bacteremia of urinary origin. A cas Report and systematic Review. Case Reports in Infections diseases. ; Article ID 2981729, 5 pages.
[31] Gormal, A.; Bardawill, C.J. and David, M. (1999). Determination of serum protein by means of burette reaction. Journal of Biology Chemistry.17:751-766.
[32] Mazmanian, S. (2003). Passage of hem-iron across the envelope of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Science. 299: 906-909.
[33] Otio, M.C. (2009). Staphylococcus epidermis the accidental pathogen value Reviews. Microbiology. 7.8:555-563.
[34] Brooke, Js. (2007). Mutation of a lipopolysaccharide synthesis gene results in increased
biofilm of Stenotrophmonas on plastic and glass surfaces . Annals of Microbiology .58:35-40
[35] Rapaorts, S, I. and Ames, S,B. (1995) Relation between levels of plasma thromboplastin component and prothrombin times activity of various plasma clotting factors. Journal Clinical Investigation .34:9-19.
[36] Hoiby, N.; Ciofu, G. and Rjarnsholt, T. (2010). Pseudomonus aeruginosa biofilms in cystic fibrosis Future Microbiology.11:1663-1674.
[37] Lee, J.H.; Park, L.S. and Lees, S.H.(2017). Antimicrobial resistant of hyper virulenl klebsiella pneumonia epidemiology,hypervirulence –associated determinants and resistant mechanisms. Front cell Infect Microbial .7:483.
[38] Kabuachi, E.(1992). Proposal of Burkcholderia gen. nov and transfer of seven species of the genus pseudomonas homology gloupll to the new genus with type species Burkholderia cepacia microbial immunol. 36:1251-1275.
[39] Butler,E,J.and Curtis, M.J. (1973). The effect of E coli endotoxin on the plasma iron concentration in the domestic fowl. Research in Veterinary Science. 15:267-269.
[40] Bin, C.; Ling-Ling, S.U.; Bin-bin, L.I. and Ying-mei, L.I.U.(2013). Fatal hemolysis due to Clostridium perfringens blood stream infection. Chinese medical journal. 126.18:3572-3574.