Analytical study releasing the new of Prodrug (Paracetamol - Naproxen) using Uv-vis spectrophotometric method
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to compose an effective ester Prodrug as well as reducing or removing the side effects of it and to Study of Naproxen release from the Prodrug. This is represented by the following steps:
Preparing of Naproxen acid chloride from Naproxen by reacting it with Thionyl Chloride then Preparing of ester group from the reaction of hydroxyl group of paracetamol and the acid chloride of Naproxen.
The structural formulas of the prepared compounds were characterized using spectral methods (FTIR,H-NMR and C13-NMR) then the studying of the release for the drug was conducted in acidic and basic medium pH (4, 10). The study showed that the speed of release in the basic medium was faster than that in the acidic medium. So most of the release process will take place in the intestine and not in the stomach.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the article, alter and revise the article, and make commercial use of the article (including reuse and/or resale of the article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made, and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The authors hold the copyright for their published work on the Tikrit J. Pure Sci. website, while Tikrit J. Pure Sci. is responsible for appreciate citation of their work, which is released under CC-BY-4.0, enabling the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of an article in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
References
[1] Shan, D.N.; Borchardt M.G. and Wang, B. (1997). Prodrug Strategies Based on Intramolecular Cyclization Reactions. Journal of Pharm. Science (86):765-767.
[2] Bombardier, C. et al. (2000). Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. New England Journal of Medicine, 343 (21):1520–8, 2, 1528.
[3] Peterson, F. and Amstutz, R. (2008). Natural compounds as drugs. Birkhauser Verlag:37-48.
[4] Torrence, P.F. (2007). Combating the threat of Pandemic influenza. Wiley New Jersey:1503-1510.
5- Tsuji, A. and Yamana, T. (1974). Chemistry of pharm. bull, (22):2434.
[6] Jaffer, M.; Williams, K.J. and Stratford, I.J. (2001). Drug. Deliver. Rev, (53): 217-228.
[7] Dachs, G.U.; Patterson, A.V. and Firth, J.D. (1997). Natural medicine, (3): 515-520.
[8] Bowers, M.G. and Davies, J. (2007). Advanced clinical skill for Nurses. wilem england. Sci., (789):164.
[9] Moody, T.W. (2004). Journal Biol. Chemical, (279):23580-23589.
[10] Talley N.J.; Phung N. and Kalanter J.S. (2001). ABC of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Indigestion: When is it Functional. BMJ., (323):1294-1297.
[11] Lee B.S., et al. (2011). Drug Delivery, (980720):1-13.
[12] Pawar U. et al. Simultaneous Determination of Aceclofenc paracetamol and Chlorzoxazone by HPLC in Tablet Dose Form. (2009). Journal of Chemistry, 6 (1):289-294.
[13] Mealey, B.L. and Ocampo, G. L. (2007). Diabetes mellitus and Periodontal disease. Periodontology, (44):128.
[14] Clark, E.C.G. et al. (2008). Isolation and identification of drugs. (1):39-55.
[15] Forges, T.; Monnier- Barbarino, P.; Leheup, B. and Jouvetp. (2006). Pathophysiology of impaired ovarian Function in Galactosaemia. Hum Reprod- Update, 12 (5):84-573.
[16] Todd, P. A. and Clold, S. P. (2011). Naproxen: A reappraisal of its pharmacology, and therapeutic use in rheumatic diseases and pain states. Drugs, (40):91-137.
[17] Talley, N.J.; Phung, N. and Kalanter, J.S. (2001). ABC of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Indigestion: When is it Functional. BMJ., (323):1294- 1297.
[18] Shanbhag, V. R.; Crider, A. M.; Gokhale, R.; Harpalani, A. and Dick, R. M. (2010). Ester and amide prodrugs of Ibuprofen and Naproxen: Synthesis, anti- activity, and gastrointestinal toxicity. Journal of Pharm. Science, (81):149-154.