Effect of silver nanoparticles prepared by Streptomyces. spp on some pathogenic bacteria
Main Article Content
Abstract
Tow species of Streptomyces isolated from the industrial district area in the Kirkuk city and two species represented Streptomyces hygroscopicus and Streptomyces parvulus. were used to detected their ability to prepare silver nanoparticles. The results showed change in color silver nitrate solution 1mM to dark brown, Studied the spectrum of absorption of UV, visible spectroscopy of the solution silver particles nano second step in making sure the formation of particles and found to be located on the wavelength of 400 nm to bacteria Streptomyces parvulus also show that the X-ray diffraction peaks were at (311-200-111) and at the angle (31.73 and 48.70 and 58.30). .Additinary the results showed clear images in the scanning electron microscope size and shape .the bacteria Streptomyces hygroscopicus was a wavelength of 280 nm .etbin that silver nano particles solution with inhibitory effect on the two types of multi-antibiotic resistance antibiotics bacteria E.coli and P. mirabilis, which amounted to (27,27,29) mm against the bacteria Escherichia coli at a concentration of 100% were (30,30,29) mm when the concentration 100% against Proteus mirabilis
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the article, alter and revise the article, and make commercial use of the article (including reuse and/or resale of the article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made, and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The authors hold the copyright for their published work on the Tikrit J. Pure Sci. website, while Tikrit J. Pure Sci. is responsible for appreciate citation of their work, which is released under CC-BY-4.0, enabling the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of an article in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
References
[1] G. R. Tuttle. Size and Surface Area Dependent Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Zebrafish Embryos (Danio rerio). Master of Science Oregon State University. (2013).
[2] M.Y. Wani, M.A. Hashim, F. Nabi and M. A. Malik, Nanotoxicity: Dimensional and Morphological concerns. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Physical Chemistry, .(2011). Article ID 450912, 15 pages.
[3] N. Duran, P. D. Marcato, R. D .Conti, O. L.Alves, F. M. Costa, and M. Brocchi. Potential use of Silver Nanoparticles on pathogenic bacteria, their toxicity and possible mechanisms of action. J. Braz. Chem.Soc., (2010). 21 (6):949-959.
[4] M. Abdul Hameed. Nanoparticles as Alternative to pesticides in Management Plant Diseass-A Review. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. (2012). ISSN 2250-3153.
[5] T. D. Gurung, C .Sherp, V. P. Agrwal, and B. Lekhak,. "Isolation characterization of antibacterial actinomycetes from soil sample. Kalapatthar Mount Everest Region. Nepal J. Sci.Technol. (2009). 10: 173-182.
[6] O. O.Babalola,; M. B. Kirby,; Le Rose-Hill, M. Cook, A. E.; Cary, S. C.; Burton, S. G. and D. A Cowan .Phylo-genetic analysis of actinobacterial populations associated with Antarctic dry valley mineral soils. Environ.(2009).Microbiol.,11:566-576.
[7] K .Todar. Pseudomonas aeruginosa .J. of Bacterial, (2002).22 (6): 330-355
[8] S. Saha ; D. Chattopadhyay and K. Acharya.Preperation of silver nanoparticles by bio-reduction using Nigrospora oryzae culture filtrate and its antimicrobial activity.Digest Journal of nanomatirials and biostructures.(2011).6(4):1526-1535.
[9] N.Sahin, and A.Ugur,. "Investigation of antimicrobial activity of some Streptomyces isolates. Turk. (2003). J. Biol., 79-84.
[10] M .Oskay,.; A. U. Tamer, and C. Azeri,. Antibacterial activity of some actinomycetes isolated from farming soil of Turkey. Afr. J. Biotech., (2004). 3: 411-446.
[12] S. T. Williams, M. Goodfellow, E. M .Wellington, P. H. Sneath, and M. J. Sackin,. Numerical classification of Streptomyces and related genera. Journal of Genetic Microbiology, (1983).129: 1743-1813.
[13] A. Zarina . Green Approach for Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Marine Streptomyces- MS 26 and Their Antibiotic Efficacy .6(10).( 2014) , 321-327.
[14] C.Monica. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries .part 2.2th. .(2009) P. 63-71.
[15] A. E Brown.. Benson`s Microbiological Applications Laboratory Manual in General Microbiology. 10thed., (2007) P. 102-263. McGraw-Hill comp. Inc., USA
[16] J.A. Morello ; H.E. Mizer; & Granato. Laboratory Manual and Workbook in Microbiology Applications to Patient Care.18th.ed. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York: (2006). 95-99.
[17] CLSI, (Clinical & Laboratory Standards institute). Performance Standard for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty –first Informational Supplement. M100-S21.31 (2014) (1):1-163.
[18] J. Vandepitte; K. Engback; P. Piot and G. Heuck. Basic laboratory procedures in clinical bacteriology. WHO Switzerland (1991).
[19] J. C. Holt,; N. R. Krieg, P.H. Sneath,; J. T. Staley, and S. T Williams,. Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology.9th ed. Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. (1994).
[21] R. M. Traynor; D. Parratt, H. L. D. Duguid, and, I. C. Duncan. Isolation of actinomycetes from cervical specimens. J. Clin. Pathol., (1981) 34: 917-916.
[22] Z. A. El-fiky, S. R Manson, Y. Zwhary, and S. Ismail,. DNA-finger print sand phylogenetic studies of some chitinolytic actinomycetes isolates. Biotech. (2003), 2 (2): 131-140.
[23] K. B. Usde, S. Pathak, I. Jr. Mc Cullum,; D. P. Jannat-Khah,; S. V. Shadomy,; C. A. Dykewicz,; T. A. Klark,; T. L. Smith, and J. M. Brown,. Antimicrobial resistant Nocardia isolates, United State, Clin. Infect. Dis., (2010) 51: 1445-1448.
[24] L. M. Prescott, J. P. Harley, and D. A. Klein,. "Microbiology 6th ed., McGraw – Hill companies, USA (2005) pp:992.
[25] V.C Verma ; Kharwar R.N; A.C. Gange. Biosynthesis of Antimicrobial silver nanoparticles by the endophytic fungus Aspergillus clavatus. Nanomedicine (2010).5,33-40.
[26] N. Pavani and B.B. sangameswaran,. Synthesis of Lead Nanoparticles by Aspergillus species. (2012) 1, 61–63.
[27] N. Vigneshwaran; N.M. Ashtaputr, P.V. Varadarajan, R.P. Nachane, K.M. Paralikar and R.H. Balasubramanya.. Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Aspergillus !avus. Materials Letters (2007) 61: 1413–1418.
[28] V. Gopinath; P. Velusamy. Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Bacillus sp. GP-23 and evaluation of their antifungal activity towards Fusariumoxysporum. Spectrochim. Acta A (2013) 106:170-174.
[29] N. Duran; P.D. Marcato ; O.L Alves ; G.IH .De souza; j Esposito, Mechanistic aspects of biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by several Fusarium oxysporium strains.J.Nanobiotecnol. (2005) 3,1-7.
[30] W.Winn ; S. Allen; W. Janda; E. Koneman; G. Procop; P Schreckenberger,. and G .Woods. Koneman's Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. .(2006) 6th Ed., Lippincott, Williams& Wilkins.
[31] J. Wilson.. Clinical Microbiology An introduction for Health ears Professionals. British, Journals and multimed in the health Science.,China(2004).
[32] H .Hanaki . Epidemiology and clinical effect against beta-lactam antibiotic induce .J. Antibiotic, (2004). 78 (8): 204-216.
[33] A.C. Fluit; M.R. Visser; and F.J. Schmitz. Molecular detection of antimicrobial resistance. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. (2001).Oct.836-871.
[34] W .Zimmermann and A . Rosselet . function of the outer membrane of Escherichia colli as a permeability barrier to beta-lactam antibiotic , Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy : (1977). 12 (3).368-372.
[35] X. Lin,; J. Li,; S. Ma,; G. Liu, K. Yang. Toxicity of TiO2Nanoparticles to Escherichia coli: Effects of Particle Size, Crystal Phase and Water Chemistry. (2014). PLOS ONE 9(10): e110247.
[36] I. Sondi and B. Salopek-Sondi. Silver Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria. J Colloid Interface Sci., (2004). 275:177–182.7.
[37] H. Zhang, and G. Chen.. Potent Antibacterial Activities of Ag/TiO2 Nan composite Powders Synthesized by a One-Pot Sol-Gel Method. Environ Sci. Technol., (2009) 43(8): 2905-2910.
[38] M.K .Yamanaka; T. Hara, and J. Kudo. Bactericidal actions of a silver ion solution on Escherichia coli studied by energy filtering transmission electron microscopy and proteomic analysis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, (2005): 71:7589.
[39] S. L .Percival; P. G. Bowler and D. Russell (2005): Bacterial resistance to silver in wound care. Journal of Hospital Infection, (2005) 60: 1.
[40] V.K. Sharma; R.A. Yngard, and Y.L in.: Silver: Green synthesis and their antimicrobial activities. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, (2009) 145:83.