Evaluation of the hepatoprotective role of ethanolic Saussurea lappa root extract in female rats experimentally exposed to propylthiouracil
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Propylthiouracil (PTU) is often used to produce experimental hypothyroidism. In general, PTU generates hepatotoxicity, albeit with dissimilar incidence rates of hepatotoxicity. This study examined the hepatoprotective effects of Saussurea lappa root ethanol extract on experimentally induced hepatotoxicity in female rats. For this study, 25 adult female albino rats were placed into five equal groups: control, PTU, post treated with S. lappa extract, co-administered PTU with S. lappa extract 300mg/kg, and post-treated with levothyroxine. Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity, total protein, thyroid hormones (T3, T4, and TSH), and oxidative stress parameters (catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and lipid peroxidation levels) were measured. The liver tissue underwent histological examination. Current findings revealed that S.lappa ethanol root extract significantly improved hepatotoxicity as evidenced by reversal of various biochemical and histopathological changes in female rats. Current study has shown that this promising impact may be due to the antioxidant and free radical scavenging characteristics of S.lappa constituents.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the article, alter and revise the article, and make commercial use of the article (including reuse and/or resale of the article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made, and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The authors hold the copyright for their published work on the Tikrit J. Pure Sci. website, while Tikrit J. Pure Sci. is responsible for appreciate citation of their work, which is released under CC-BY-4.0, enabling the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of an article in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
References
[1] Wang, M. T., Lee, W. J., Huang, T. Y., Chu, C. L., & Hsieh, C. H. (2014). Antithyroid drug‐related hepatotoxicity in hyperthyroidism patients: a population‐based cohort study. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 78(3), 619-629.
[2] Williams, K. V., Nayak, S., Becker, D., Reyes, J., & Burmeister, L. A. (1997). Fifty years of experience with propylthiouracil-associated hepatotoxicity: what have we learned? The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 82(6), 1727-1733.
[3] Kahaly, G. J., Bartalena, L., Hegedüs, L., Leenhardt, L., Poppe, K., & Pearce, S. H. (2018). 2018 European Thyroid Association guideline for the management of Graves’ hyperthyroidism. European thyroid journal, 7(4), 167-186.
[4] Tonacchera, M., Chiovato, L., Bartalena, L., Cavaliere, A. F., & Vitti, P. (2020). Treatment of Graves’ hyperthyroidism with thionamides: a position paper on indications and safety in pregnancy. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 43(2), 257-265.
[5] Amin, S., Kaloo, Z. A., Singh, S., & Altaf, T. (2013). Micropropagation of medicinally important plant species of family Asteraceae-a review. Int J Rec Sci Res, 4, 1296-1303.
[6] Alamgeer, Younis, W., Asif, H., Sharif, A., Riaz, H., Bukhari, I. A., & Assiri, A. M. (2018). Traditional medicinal plants used for respiratory disorders in Pakistan: A review of the ethno-medicinal and pharmacological evidence Milen Georgiev, Ruibing Wang. Chinese Medicine (United Kingdom), 13(1).
[7] Huang, G., Tong, Y., He, Q., Wang, J., & Chen, Z. (2017). Aucklandia lappa DC. extract enhances gefitinib efficacy in gefitinib-resistance secondary epidermal growth factor receptor mutations. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 206, 353–362.
[8] Kumar, A., Kumar, S., Kumar, D., & Agnihotri, V. K. (2014). UPLC/MS/MS method for quantification and cytotoxic activity of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Saussurea lappa. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 155(2), 1393–1397.
[9] Tousson, E., El-Atrsh, A., Mansour, M., & Abdallah, A. (2019). Modulatory effects of Saussurea lappa root aqueous extract against ethephon-induced
kidney toxicity in male rats. Environmental Toxicology, 34(12), 1277–1284.
[10] Tousson, E., Hafez, E., Abo Gazia, M. M., Salem, S. B., & Mutar, T. F. (2020). Hepatic ameliorative role of vitamin B17 against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma–induced liver toxicity. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020 27:9, 27(9), 9236–9246.
[11] Nadda, R. K., Ali, A., Goyal, R. C., Khosla, P. K., & Goyal, R. (2020). Aucklandia costus (Syn. Saussurea costus): Ethnopharmacology of an endangered medicinal plant of the himalayan region. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 263, 113199.
[12] Mahmoud, M. S. (2020). Costus Root Extract Preserves Thyroid Hormones Levels, Thyroglobulin Expression and Thyroid Tissues in Rats Receiving Valproate Sodium. The Indonesian Biomedical Journal, 12(4), 304–312.
[13] Xu, Q. Y., Wang, X. L., and Peng, Y. F. (2017). Hypothyroidism induced by propylthiouracil decrease sirtuin1 content in rat heart. J Lab Precis Med, 2(67), 10-21037.
[14] Nair, A. B., & Jacob, S. (2016). A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human. Journal of basic and clinical pharmacy, 7(2), 27.
[15] Gornall, A. G., Bardawill, C. J., & David, M. M. (1949). Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. Journal of biological chemistry, 177, 751–766.
[16] Szasz, G. (1969). A Kinetic Photometric Method for Serum γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase. Clinical Chemistry, 15(2), 124–136.
[17] Misra, H. P., & Fridovich, I. (1972). The Role of Superoxide Anion in the Autoxidation of Epinephrine and a Simple Assay for Superoxide Dismutase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 247(10), 3170–3175.
[18] Guidet, B., & Shah, S. v. (1989). Enhanced in vivo H2O2 generation by rat kidney in glycerol-induced renal failure.
[19] Goth, L. (1991). A simple method for determination of serum catalase activity and revision of reference range. Clinica Chimica Acta, 196(2–3), 143–151.
[20] Al-Zamely, O. Y., Al-Nimer, M. S., & Al-Muslih, R. K. (2001). Detection the level of peroxynitrite and related antioxidant status in the serum of patients with acute myocardial infraction. Nation. J. Chem, 4(1), 625–637.
[21] Shih, W. J., & Aisner, J. (2022). Statistical Design, Monitoring, and Analysis of Clinical Trials: Principles and Methods. Chapman and Hall/CRC.
[22] Luna, L. G. (1968). Manual of histologic staining methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.
[23] Karamikhah, R., Jamshidzadeh, A., Azarpira, N., Saeedi, A., & Heidari, R. (2016). Propylthiouracil-Induced Liver Injury in Mice and the Protective Role of Taurine. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 21(2), 94–101.
[24] National Institutes of Health. (2017). LiverTox: clinical and research information on drug-induced liver injury. Propylthiouracil. Nih. gov https://livertox. nih. gov.
[25] Kimio, K., Tadashi, S., Shiroh, O., & Eibai, L. (1986). Inhibition of hepatic glutathione transferases by propylthiouracil and its metabolites. Biochemical pharmacology, 35(9), 1475-1479.
[26] Forman, H. J., Zhang, H., & Rinna, A. (2009). Glutathione: overview of its protective roles, measurement, and biosynthesis. Molecular aspects of medicine, 30(1-2), 1–12.
[27] Farrag, O. S., Salman, D., Abo, F., Ali, Z., Sayed, A. S., Motamed; Mahmoud, E., & Raheem, A.-E. (2020). Impact Of Continuous Treatment with Propylthiouracil On Renal And Hepatic Functions In Rabbits. Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 5(2), 49–60.
[28] Furman, B. L. (2007). Propylthiouracil. In S. J. Enna & D. B. Bylund (Eds.), xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference (pp. 1–4). Elsevier. (Furman, 2007)
[29] Chakrabarti, S. K., Ghosh, S., Banerjee, S., Mukherjee, S., & Chowdhury, S. (2016). Oxidative stress in hypothyroid patients and the role of antioxidant supplementation. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 20(5), 674–678.
[30] kadhem, m. A. (2019). Protective of ethanolic extract of Saussurea lappa against paracetamol-induced hepatic and renal damage in male rabbits. Asian journal of pharmaceutical and clinical research, 12, 68–73.
[31] Ansari, S., Hasan, K., & Bhat, S. (2021). Anticancer, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activity of Saussurea lappa, CB clarke (qust) on human hepatoma cell line. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 17(2), 499.
[32] Yaeesh, S., Jamal, Q., Shah, A. J., & Gilani, A. H. (2010). Antihepatotoxic activity of Saussurea lappa extract on D‐galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide‐induced hepatitis in mice. Phytotherapy research, 24(S2), S229-S232.
[33] Ansari, S., Siddiqui, M. A., & Maaz, M. (2018). Hepatocurative effect of Saussurea lappa C.B Clarke and artemisia absinthium, linn in chronic hepatitis B. Journal of Young Pharmacists, 10(3), 354–357.
[34] Ravindran NT, Mohamed SA. Pharmacological activity of Ulva lactuca polyphenols fraction: Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities against paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats. Asia J Pharm Clin Res 2019; 12:55-8.
[35] Bolkiny, Y., Tousson, E., El-Atrsh, A., Akela, M., & Farg, E. (2019). Costus Root Extract Alleviates Blood Biochemical Derangements of Experimentally-Induced Hypo- and Hyperthyroidism in Mice. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 1–10.
[36] Alnahdi, H. S. (2017). Injury in Metabolic Gland Induced by Pyrethroid Insecticide Could Be Reduced by Aqueous Extract of Saussurea lappa. International
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Allied Sciences, 6(2).
[37] Chang, K. M., Choi, S. I., & Kim, G. H. (2012). Anti-oxidant Activity of Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke Roots. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 17(4), 306.
[38] Zhang, X., Chu, C., & Huang, Y. (2022). Inhibition of thioredoxin-interacting protein may enhance the therapeutic effect of dehydrocostus lactone in cardiomyocytes under doxorubicin stimulation via the inhibition of the inflammatory response. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 23(3), 1–14.
[39] Choi, E. M., Kim, G. H., & Lee, Y. S. (2009). Protective effects of dehydrocostus lactone against hydrogen peroxide-induced dysfunction and oxidative stress in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Toxicology in Vitro, 23(5), 862–867.
[40] Asad, U., Munir, S., Badshah, S. L., Khan, N., Ghani, L., Poulson, B. G., Emwas, A. H., & Jaremko, M. (2020). Important Flavonoids and Their Role as a Therapeutic Agent. Molecules, 25(22).