The Physical and Mechanical Properties of a Shape Memory Alloy Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The shape Memory Alloy (SMA) (Copper-Aluminum-Nickel) was
prepared in the research by Powder metallurgy (PM) in component
percentage (Cu-13% Al-4% Ni), pressure of (500 Mpa) in one direction,
and sintering in (800°C) with Nitrogen gas for three hours. (CNTs) was
added in percentage (0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5) % as a volumetric ratio at the
relatively of the copper ratio to obtain advanced composites for Carbon
Nanotubes with a distinct effect on properties.
The elements of the alloy were analyzed using the (EDS) system attached
to the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and study the X-ray
Diffraction (XRD) to definition the elements and compounds formed
after the process of sintering while imaging the microscopic structure by
both Optical Microscopes and (SEM).
The physical characteristics were studied as the results showed that by
increasing the content of the Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), The Bulk
Density values of the (Cu-13% Al-4% Ni) decrease by ratio (23.5%) for
content of Carbon Nanotubes (0%) to (2.0%) associated with an increase
in True Porosity with the increase of the (CNTs) content at the same ratio
(27.85%) and the impact is reversed when the content is increased to
(2.5%) as it corresponds to the Water Absorption. The decrease in
thermal conductivity corresponds to the increase in the True porosity
ratio while slightly improving the amount Thermal Conductivity at an
add (2.5%) percentage (2.0%) of the (CNTs). Some Mechanical
properties, such as Hardness and Compressive Strength, have been
reduced by increasing the content of the (CNTs) to (2%) While there has
been a slight improvement in these two characteristics at the
corresponding ratio.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the article, alter and revise the article, and make commercial use of the article (including reuse and/or resale of the article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made, and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The authors hold the copyright for their published work on the Tikrit J. Pure Sci. website, while Tikrit J. Pure Sci. is responsible for appreciate citation of their work, which is released under CC-BY-4.0, enabling the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of an article in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
References
[1] Hodgson, D. E. (1998). Shape Memory Alloys: 5 h edition. ASM Handbook Properties and selection Nonferrous Alloy and special Purpose Materials., Vol. 2:897-902.
[2] Man, H.C.; Zhang, S; Cheng, F.T., and Guo, X. (2005). Laser Fabrication of Porous Surface Layer on NiTi Shape Memory Alloy. Materials Science and Engineering A, 404(2005):173–178
[3] Lagoudas, D. C. (2008) .Shape Memory Alloys: Modeling and Engineering Applications. Springer Science and Business Media:1-51.
[4] Srinivasan, A. V.; McFarland Michel, D. (2001). Smart Structures – Analysis and Design. Cambridge university press: 26–69. [5] Pérez - Landazábal, J.I.; Vicente Recarte and Raul Perez B. (2002). Determination of The Next - Nearest Neighbor Order in β Phase in Cu-Al-Ni Shape Memory Alloys. Applied Physics Letters, 81.
[6] Lojen, G.; Anžel, I.; Kneissl, A.; Križman, A.; Unterweger, E.; Kosec, B. and Bizjak, M. (2005). Microstructure of Rapidly Solidified Cu–Al–Ni Shape Memory Alloy Ribbons. J. Mate Processing Tech, 162–163: 220–229.
[7] Safaa Sauda, N.; Hamzaha, E.; Abubakara, T. and Raheleh Hosseinian, S. (2013). A Review on Influence of Alloying Elements on The Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu-Al-Ni Shape Memory Alloys. Journal Technology (Sciences & Engineering), 64(1):51–56.
[8] Eric Layton,V. (2002) .Fabrication and Characterization Of Porous NiTi Shape Memory Alloy by Elevated Pressure Sintering. MS.c thesis, Texas A&M University, USA.
[9] Berger, M. B. (2010) .The Importance and Testing of Density / Porosity / Permeability/Pore Size for Refractories .The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Refractories Conference.
[10] Dutta, G. and Bose, D. (2012). Effect of Sintering Temperature on Density, Porosity and Hardness of a Powder Metallurgy Component. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 2(2012).
[11] ASTM C373 – 88 (2006). Standard Test Method for Water Absorption, Bulk Density, Apparent Porosity, And Apparent Specific Gravity of Fired White Ware Products. Reapproved.
[12] Jabur, Adnan S. (2013). Effect of Powder Metallurgy Conditions on The Properties of Porous Bronze. Journal of Powder Technology, 23(7):77-83.
[13] Hamza, M. Sellab (2008) .Study the Effect of Carbon Fiber Volume Fraction and their Orientations on the Thermal Conductivity of the Polymer Composite Materials. Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, 4(1): 80-89.
[14] Almousawi, Ali I.; Salman, Ali J. and Abdulsada, Abdullah F. (2011). Study Effect of the Fraction Volumetric on The Values of Thermal Conductivity for Composites Micro polyester. journal of Kufa, 4(1).
[15] Jons´en, P. (2006). Fracture and Stress in Powder Compacts. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Applied Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden,
[16] Mahdi , F. M.; Razooqi, R. N. and Irhayyim ,S. S. (2013) .Effect of Graphite Content and Milling Time on physical Properties of Copper-Graphite Compsities Prepared By powder Metallurgy Rout .Australian Journal of Basic Applied Science, 7(12):245-255.
[17] Matar,M. M. (2010). Preordered and Study Electric, Mechanical, Thermal Properties for Copper-Graphite composites. Ph. D. thesis, college of science, almustansriya university.
[18] Vincent, C.; Silvain, J.F.; Heintz, J.M. and Chandra, N. (2012) .Effect of Porosity on The Thermal Conductivity of Copper Processed by Powder Metallurgy.Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 7: 499-504.
[19] Wei, X.; Rui , H.; Jin-shan, L.; Yong-zhen, . and Heng-zhi, F. (2012). Tribological Behavior of CNT - Cu and Graphite - Cu Composites with Electric Current Journal of Nonferrous Met. Soc., 22: 78 – 84.
[20] Deng, H.; Jianhong, Yi; Xia, C. (2018). Improving The Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube - Reinforced Pure Copper Matrix Composites by Spark Plasma Sintering and Hot Rolling. Materials Letters, 2(10): 177-18.
[21] Mahdi, F.M.; Razooqi, R.N. and Irhasyyim, S. S. (2017). The Influence of Graphite Content and Milling Time on Hardness, Compressive Strength and Wear Volume of Copper – Graphite Composition Prepared Via Powder Metallurgy. Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences, 24(3):47-54.