Determination of the inhibitory activity of some biological extracts agaiast multi rrsistans antibiotic Staphylococcus specis which and isolated from different sources of infechtion
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The study include 225 specimens that were collected from patients attended Tikrit General Hospital from mid of Septembar to mid December 2016. The specimens included the swab from: burn, wound, otitis media ,pharyngitis, and urine The specimens were incubated on to mannitol salt agar which is considered as selective and differential media for the genus Staphylococcus the results showed that 100 isolate (44,5%) grown on the medium. According to the phenotypic characteristics and tests biochemical they were Staph. aureus ,Staph. Saprophytis , Staph. sciuri, Staph. Xylosus Staph. lentus Staph. haemolyticusi Staph.c aseolytic
The ability of isolates to produce nitrate reductase, hemolysin, urease, DNAas were test . The antiboiotics were tested for resistance to 10 antibiotics. Some spceics showed high resistance to PenicillinG (94), Tobramycin (40%), Amikacin (39%), NitroFurantion (38%) Tetracyclin (36%), ,Novobiocin (24%), Trimethoprim (23%), Gentamycin (13%), Chloromphenicol (10%), Imipenem (3%).,
The inhibitory effect of biological extract of the Staph. species the pylogenetic effect has built of the concentrations of 100,150,250 mg / ml showed an inhibitory effect against types of Staphylococcus bacteria.
It was also found that the higher the concentration of the extract, the greater the inhibitory effect.
The results showed that Staph.aurea bacterial was the most affected by fungal compounds if the highest inhibition dimeter in concentration was 250 mg / ml 26 mm in the case of extract of Trichoderma koningii, whereas the inhibition rate in the same case the concentration was 24 ml. in the case of extract of Trichoderma viride.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the article, alter and revise the article, and make commercial use of the article (including reuse and/or resale of the article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made, and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The authors hold the copyright for their published work on the Tikrit J. Pure Sci. website, while Tikrit J. Pure Sci. is responsible for appreciate citation of their work, which is released under CC-BY-4.0, enabling the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of an article in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
References
1-Al-Jebouri MM and Mdish SA. (2013). Antibiotic
Resistance Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Patients
of Urinary Tract Infections in Iraq. O.J.U. 3(2).
2- Klevens RM, Morrison MA, Nadle J, Petit S,
Gershman K, et al. (2007). Invasive methicillinresistant
Staphylococcus aureus infections in the
United States. JAMA. 298: 1763-1771.
3-Farah CS, Lynch N, Mc Collough MJ(2010) Oral
fungal infection : An update for general practitioner.
Aust. Dent .J (sup. 1) 48-54.
4-Parisien A, Allain B, Zhang J, Mandeville R,
Lan CQ (2008) Novel alternatives to antibiotics:
bacteriophages, bacterial cell wall hydrolases, and
antimicrobial peptides. J Appl Microbiol 104: 1–13
5-Hussain H, Krohn K, Ahmed I, Draeger S,
Schulz B, Pietro S, et al. (2012)Four new
pyrenocines from an endophytic fungus, Phomopsis
sp. Eur J Org Chem , 1783-1789.
6-Holt, J.; Krieg, N.R.; Sneath, P.; Staley, J. and
William, S. (1994). Bergys Manual of determinative
bacteriology. 9th ed. William and Wilkins publication,
New York.
7-Harley, J.P. and proscott, L.M. (1996).
Laboratory Exercises in Microbiology, 3rded. WCB/
Mc Graw – Hill.
8-Koglin, A.; Walsh, C.T.(2009). Structural insights
into nonribosomal peptide enzymatic assembly lines.
Nat. Prod. Rep. 26, 987-1000.
9-Koneman, E.W.; Allen, S.D.; Juda, W.M.;
Schreckenberger, P.C. and Winn, W.C. (1997).
Color Atlas and Text book of diagnostic
microbiology. 5th ed. Lippincott- Raven puplishers,
Philadelphia, USA
10-Rashan, I.J.; Abed, A.A. and Aziz, A.A. (1992).
Further observation on the pharmacological activities
of the aqueous extract of Aristolochia bottae stems.
Fitoloerapial XIII; 4:350-352.
11-Morello JA, Granato PA and Mizer HE. (2003).
Laboratory manual and workbook in Microbiology
applications to patient care. 7th ed., McGraw-Hill
company. New york, USA.
12-Heilmann, C. and Peters, G.(2000). Biology and
pathogenic-city of Staphylococcus epidermidis- D.C:
American society for Microbiology .4:442-449.
13-Linda, P.; Rosalind, M. and Julie, M. (1985)
Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a urinary pathogen:
a six year prospective survey. British Medical
Journal. 26.(291):1157-1159.
14-Brooks GF, Carroll KC, Butel JS, Morse SA
and Mietzner TA. (2014). Jawetz, Melnick, &
Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. 26th ed. McGraw-
Hill Companies. USA. Pp: 200- 205.
15-Mahmood LJ. (2013). Molecular Study on
Staphylococcus aureus Causing Burn Wound
Infections. M.Sc. thesis. Hawler Medical University.
Erbil, Iraq.
16-Brooks, G.F., Butel, J.T., Morse, Jawetz, (2001)
Melinck Adelbergs medical Microbiology. 20th ed.
Lang medical books – McGraw- Hill. USA.,197-203.
17-Smith S. A., Directory of Services, Path Group,
Associated Pathologists, Virginia, USA, 2009
18-Hovelius, B.; Collen, S. and Mard, P.A. (1984).
Urinary tract infections in men caused by
Staphylpcoccus Saprophyticus Scand. J. Infect. Dis.
6: 328 – 326
19-McMullin D. Roderick (2014) Structural
characterization of secondary metabolites produced
by fungi obtained from damp Canadian bulildind. A
thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies
and Research in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of PhD. Ottawa-Carleton
Institute of Chemistry .Carleton University.Ottawa,
ON, Canada.
20-Harsukh Gajera*, Rinkal Domadiya, Sunil
Patel, Mansukh Kapopara, Balubhai Golakiya(
2013) Molecular mechanism of Trichoderma as biocontrol
agents against phytopathogen system – a
review . Current Research in Microbiology and
Biotechnology Vol. 1,
21-Watanabe , T . (2002) . Pictorial atlas of soli and
seed fungi : morphologies of cultured fungi and key
to species . 2nd . ISBN 0-8493-1118-7.
22-Domsch, K. H. ; Gams, W. and Anderson, T. H
(1980). Comependium of Soil Fungi. Vol. 1,
Academic Press, London, U.K. 859 pp.
23-Almassi F, Ghisalberti EL, Narbey MJ,
Sivasithamparam K. ( 1991) New antibiotics from
strains of Trichoderma harzianum. J Nat Prod 1991;
54: 396-402.
24- Kalpana Devi, M., Rasheedha Banu, A.,
Gnanaprabhal, G.R., Pradeep, B.V. and
Palaniswamy, M. (2008). Purification characterization
of alkaline protease enzyme from native isolate
Aspergillus niger and its compatibility with commercial
detergents. Indian J. of Sci. and Tech; 2008: Vol.1, No
7.
25-Hameed, Nazeeh Maher. (2010). In Vitro
Evaluation of the Activity of Aspergillus niger
Extract on the Viability of Staphylococcus aureus and
Protoscolices of Hydatid cysts.
26-Carrasco, L., M. Barbacid and D. Vizques
(1973), The Trichoderma group of antibiotics ,
Inhibitors peptide bond formation by Eukaryotic
Ribosomes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 312 ,
368-376.