Effect of smoking on some biochemical parameters in serum of blood
Main Article Content
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the changes in a number of biochemical parameters associated with smoking. It pulled the 50 blood samples from two groups, the first group included 35 smoking volunteers while the second group included 15 non-smoking volunteers who represented the control group. The results showed that the group of smokers has risen significantly (P<0.05) in the Malondialdelyde and radical of peroxy nitrate and get significant decrease in the concentration of Glutathione and Ceruloplasmin and effectiveness of Super oxide dismutase and aryl esterase enzyme compared with the control group. We conclude from this study that smoking has a negative effect on the antioxidants in the blood serum was accompanied by an increase in the level of Malondialdelyde and peroxy nitrate radical This indicate incidence of oxidative stress which accompany smoking phenomena.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the article, alter and revise the article, and make commercial use of the article (including reuse and/or resale of the article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made, and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The authors hold the copyright for their published work on the Tikrit J. Pure Sci. website, while Tikrit J. Pure Sci. is responsible for appreciate citation of their work, which is released under CC-BY-4.0, enabling the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of an article in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
References
1- Rahman I, Morrison D, Donaldson K, Mac Nee W.(1996). American J Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine; 154: 1055- 1060.
2- Pryor WA. (1987). British journal of Cancer Suppl; 8: 19–23.
3- Church DF and Pryor WA. (1985). Environmental Health Perspective; 64: 111–126.
4- Beltowski J, Wojcicka G, Gorny D and Marciniak A. J . (2000). Physiology and Pharmacol; 51: 883-896.
5- Cross CE, Onell CA and Reznick AZ. (1993). Annals of New York Academy of Science; 668: 672.
6- Fernandez A, Filipe PM and Manso CF. (1992) European J Pharmacol . 220:211-216.
7- Poli G. Basel: Birkhauser (1993); 47-65,365-373,389-398.
8- Johnson RM, Ravindranath Y, el-Alfy M and Goyette G Jr. Blood (1994); 83:1117-1123.
9- Huerta, J.M., S. Gonzalez, E. Vigil, M. Prada, J. San Martin, S. Fernandez, A.M. Patterson, C. Lasheras, (2004). Folate and cobalamin synergistically decrease the risk of high plasma homocysteine in a nonsupplemented elderly institutionalized population. Clin. Biochem., 37:904-910.
10- Pryor WA, Stone K. (1993). Oxidants in cigarette smoke. Radicals, hydrogenperoxide, peroxynitrate, and peroxynitrite. Ann NY Acad Sci 686: 12–27.
11- Menden, E.E; Boiano, H.M.; Murthy, L.; petering, H.G.(1977). Modification of phenylene diamine oxidase method to permit non – antomated ceruloplasmin determination in batches of rat serum of plasma microsamples .Analytical, 10: 197 – 204.
12- Tietz, N.W. (1999). Textbook of clinical chemistry. 3rd ed. C.A. Burtis, E.R. Ashwood, W.B. Saunders. Pp: 819-861,1245-1250.
13- Brown, M. S. and Goldstein (1983). Ann. Rev. Biochem. 52, 223. Cited by Al Zamely et al., 2001. oxidative stress in prostate cancer patients. MCS.Kufa University College Of Medicine.
14- Wysocka, R. W.; Wysocki, H.; Buks.; Zozulinskay, D.; Wykretowiccz, A.; Kazmierczak, M. (1995). Metabolic control quality and free radical activity in diabetic patients. Diab. Res. Clin. Prac., 27: 193-197.
15- Beuge, J. A. and Aust, S. D. (1978). Estimation of serum malondialdehyde level. Methods in Enzymology. Academic Press, London, 51: 302.
16- Vanuffelen, B.E.; Van Derzec, J.; Deskoster, B.M.(1998). Biochem. J. 330, 719. Cited by AL-Zamely et al., 2001. The level of malondialdehyde after activation with (H2O2 and CuSO4) and inhibition by Desferoxamine and Molisidomine in serum of patient with acute myocardial infarction. National J. of chemistry, 139-148. 5; 2002.
17- Tomas, M.; Senti, M.; GareiaFaria, F.; Vila, J.; Torrents, A.; Govas, M.; Marrugat, J. (2000). Effect of simvastatin therapy on paraoxonase activity and related lipoprotein in familial hypercholesterolemic patients. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 20: 2113.
18- Konukoglu D, Serin O, Kemerli DG, Serin E, Hayiroglu A and Oner B(1998). Clin Chim Acta; 277: 91-98.
19- Sarkar S, Yadav P, Trivedi R, Bansal AK and Bhatnagar D.(1995). Journal of Elementary Medicine. 9: 144-147.
20- Agachan B, Yilmaz H, Karaali Z, Isbir T. (2004). Paraoxonase 55 and 192 polymorphism and its relationship to serum paraoxonase activity and serum lipids in Turkish patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Cell Biochem Funct.22(3):163–168.
21- Mackness B, Durrington PN, Boulton AJ, Hine D, Mackness MI. (2002). Serum paraoxonase activity in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to healthy controls. Eur J Clin Invest.32(4):259–264.
22- Garin MC, James RW, Dussoix P.(1997). Paraoxonase polymorphism MetLeu54 is associated with modified serum concentrations of the enzyme. A possible link between the paraoxonase gene and increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetes. J Clin Invest; 99: 62–66.
23- Janoff, A., Pryor, W.A., Bengali, Z.H., (1987). Effects of tobacco smoke on cellular and biochemical processes in the lung. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 136, 1058–1064.
24- Pryor WA. (1987). Cigarette smoke and the involvement of free radical reactions in chemical carcinogenesis. Br J Cancer Suppl. 8: 19–23.
25- Pryor WA. (1992). Biological effects of cigarette smoke, wood smoke, and the smoke from plastics: The use of electron spin resonance. Free Radic Biol Med. 13: 659–676.
26- Pryor WA, Arbour NC, Upham B,Church DF. (1992). The inhibitory effect of extracts of cigarette tar on electron transport of mitochondria and submitochondrial particles. Free Radic Biol Med. 12: 365–372 .
27- Church DF, and Pryor WA. (1985). Free-radical chemistry of cigarette smoke and its toxicological implications. Environ Health Perspect. 64: 111-126.
28- Dinkovo-Kostova AT.(2002). Protection against cancer by plant phenyl propenoids: induction of mammalian anticarcinogenic enzymes. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2: 595-610.
29- Husain K, Scott BR, Reddy SK, and Somani SM. (2001). Chronic ethanol and nicotine interaction on rat tissue antioxidant defense system. Alcohol. 25: 89-97.
30- Fujiwara H, Takigawa Y, Suzuki T, Nakata K. (1992). Superoxide dismutase activity in cataractous
lenses. Jpn J Ophthalmol.36:273-280.