PERFORMING AN ANALYSIS OF ARRAY WAVEGUIDE (AWG) MULTIPLEXER BASED ON AN OPTICAL NETWORK
Main Article Content
Abstract
Rapid advances in optical technology have created potential solutions for enabling high capacity networks. The main problem in optical communication in the Ministry of Communication at the Republic of Iraq is dedicating a small bandwidth for each user. Most of the previous works have focused on modifying the characteristics of Array Waveguide Multiplexer (AWG) in the designing level. However, designing of optical communication is expensive which makes these efforts unpractically. Therefore, to develop multi-target communication over the current infrastructure, this paper investigates the performance of the AWG at the components level. In the beginning, an analysis is performed of an AWG at data rates of (8×40Gb/s, over 242.5km fiber optic link) with minimum system impairments. The presence of (Passive/Active) components is taken into considerations. The evaluation is performed using Optisystem software simulation package. By adopting (4.0402dBm) total input signal power, the simulation has achieved (0.3545dBm) total output signal power, (-3.6856dbm) total gain, (1.4248dBm) total output noise, and the average power is (-6.4255dBm). Furthermore, the transmission rates are successfully transmitted delivered in a low-cost infrastructure. Moreover, with the presence of multiple users on a single link, the transmission is performed with a high rapidity in addition to a minimum error. Consequently, the simulations can be applied to the existing fiber communication networks with ultimate reduction of the cost and operational expenditure for the overall network system.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Tikrit Journal of Pure Science is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the article, alter and revise the article, and make commercial use of the article (including reuse and/or resale of the article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made, and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The authors hold the copyright for their published work on the Tikrit J. Pure Sci. website, while Tikrit J. Pure Sci. is responsible for appreciate citation of their work, which is released under CC-BY-4.0, enabling the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of an article in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
References
[1] Govind P. Agrawal, “Fiber Optic Communication Systems”, Third Edition , Wiley- Interscience ,A John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Publication, 2002.
[2]X. J. M. Leijtens, B. Kuhlow,M. K. Smit, “Arrayed waveguide gratings”, DOI:10.1007/3-540-31770-8_5, University of Technology, Eindhoven.
[3] DasanMeena, Orappanpara S. Sunishkumar, Devendra C. Pande, Talabattula Srinivas, Vadake K. Jayasree, FredyFrancis,Kundil T. Sarath, and ElambilayiDipin, “A Geometrical Model for Arrayed Waveguide Grating based Optical Multiplexer/Demultiplexer”, Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 35, 87-96, 2014.
[4] J. Ingenhoff, “Athermal AWG Devices for WDM-PON Architectures”, Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS), 2006.
[5] H. Uetsuka, “AWG Technologies for Dense WDM Applications”, IEEE J. Select. Topic Quantum Electron. Vol. 10, No. 2: 393-402, 2004. [6] Ismahayati Adam, MohdHaniff Ibrahim , NorazanMohdKassim , Abu Bakar Mohammad, and Abu Sahmah Mohd Supa’at,”Design of Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) for DWDM/CWDM Applications Based on BCB Polymer”, Faculty of Electrical Engineering ,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, ELEKITRIKA, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2008.
[7] Michael C. Parker, Sturat D. Walker, AugustinYiptong, and Robert J. Mears, “Applications of Active Arrayed-Waveguide Gratings in Dynamic WDM Networking and Routing”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 18, No. 12, 2000.
[8] Smit M. K.,” Progress in AWG Design and Technology Fibers and Optical Passive Components”, Proceedings of IEEE/LEOS Workshop, Palermo, Italy, June 22-24, 2005.
[9] Suzuki, S., and Sugita, A. “Recent Progress in Silica-Based Planar Lightwave Circuits (PLCs)”, NTT Technical Review, Vol. 3, No. 7, July 2005.
[10] Yasin M. Karfaa, M. Ismail, F. M. Abbou1, and S. Shaari, ”Evaluation of Linear Crosstalk Effects in Array Waveguide Grating Router in WDM Networks”, JOC, Seite 100, February 2007.
[11] Salah Elfaki, Abdeen Abdel Kareem, A. B. Mohammed, and Sahbudin Shaari, ”Crosstalk Enhancement in Multiplexer/Demultiplexer Based Arrayed Wavelength Grating in DWDM”, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, ICSE2006 Proc. 2006.
[12] OptiSystem User Manual Reference, http://www.optiwave.com/ ,March 5,2017, 11.00AM.
[13] Rajiv Ramaswami, and Kumar N. Sivarajan”, Optical Networks A Practical Perspective”, 2nd Edition, Elsevier, 2002.
[14] A. Sugita, A. Kaneko, K. Okamoto, M. Itoh, A. Himeno, and Y. Ohmori, “Very Low Insertion Loss Arrayed Waveguide grating with Vertically Tapered Waveguides”, IEEE Photonics Tech. Letters, Vol. 12, No. 9 : 1180-1182. 2000.
[15] Yoshinori Hibino, ”An Array of Photonic Filtering Advantages: Arrayed-Waveguide-Grating Multi/Demultiplexers for Photonic Networks”, IEEE Circuits & Devices, Vol. 16, No. 6 ,November 2000.
[16] A-Klekamp, and R. Wessel, ”Influence of Phase Errors on the Spectral Response of AWG Multiplexers”, JOC, Seite 170 , May 2002.
[17] Shin Kamei, Kaneko Akimasa, Ishii Motohaya, Shibata Tomohiro, Inoue Yasuyuki, and Hibino Yoshinori, ”Crosstalk Reduction in Arrayed-Waveguide Grating Multiplexer/Demultiplexer Using Cascade Connection”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 23 Issue 5, 2005.
[18] Lee Kwanil, Lee Sang Bae, Mun Sil-Gu, and Lee Chang Hee ,”Bidirectional ROADM using a 3×N AWG”, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Pacific Rim (CLEOPR), Paper: TuD4-3, 2007.
[19] Yueting Wan, and RongqingHui, ”Design of WDM Cross Connect Based on Interleaved AWG
(IAWG) and a Phase Shifter Array”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 25 Issue 6, 2007.
[20] Ooba Naoki, Suzuki Kenya, Ishii Motohaya, Aratake Atsushi, Shibata Tomohiro, and Mino Shinji, ”Compact Wide-Band Wavelength Blocker Utilizing Novel Hybrid AWG-Free Space Focusing Optics”, OSA Technical Digest (CD) ,Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) , Paper: OWI2, 2008.
[21] Kamei Shin, ”Recent Progress on Athermal AWG Wavelength Multiplexer”, OSA Technical Digest (CD) ,Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC), Paper: OWO1, 2009.
[22] Abd El–Naser A. Mohammed, Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed, and Abd El–Fattah A. Saad, ”Applications of Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) in Passive Optical Networks”, International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking ,Vol. 2, No. 2, June 2009.
[23] Takada Kazumasa, and Hirose Tomohiro, ”Phase-modulation method for AWG phase-error measurement in the frequency domain”, Optics Letters, Vol. 34, Issue 24, 2009.
[24] Abd El–Naser A. Mohammed, Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed, Gaber E. S. M. El-Abyad, and Abd El–Fattah A. Saad, ”High Transmission Bit Rate of Athermal Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) Module in Passive Optical Networks”, (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 1, No.1, May 2009.