Oxidative Stress Biomarker, Protein Carbonyl, Malondialdehyde and Antioxidants Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase on Prostate Cancer in Kurdistan Region of Iraq
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Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has notably ascended to the position of the second most commonly diagnosed cancer among men. It constitutes a considerable public health issue on a global scale; typically, prostate cancer causes urological issues in aging men. This study aimed to investigate biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidants associated with PCa pathogenesis and their potential implications for diagnosis and treatment. The study included 100 PCa patients and 50 healthy controls and used ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kits for comprehensive analysis. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in biomarker levels between PCa patients and controls. This report shows significantly lower serum antioxidant levels in PCa patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting a potential association between antioxidant deficiency and PCa risk. Moreover, alterations in antioxidant receptors may influence prostate physiology and pathology. Elevated levels of the oxidative stress biomarker Malondialdehyde (MDA). Protein carbonyl (PC) levels were observed in PCa patients, indicating their potential role in disease progression and poorer outcomes. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of enzymatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT), on PCa risk. This may inhibit tumor formation. Antioxidants can be classified into first, second, third, and even fourth-line defense categories. In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between biomarkers, oxidative stress, and antioxidant biomarkers and PCa pathogenesis. Understanding these relationships may improve diagnostic strategies and targeted therapies for PCa patients.
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