Simulation and Design of a High-Efficiency Four-Junction Solar Cell Using SILVACO ATLAS Software
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Abstract
This research examines the development and performance analysis of multi-junction solar cells using numerical simulation techniques in SILVACO ATLAS. The study began with a single-junction (Ge) solar cell. It then progressed to a double-junction (InGaP/GaAs) solar cell. This structure broadened the spectral absorption and achieved good results, such as a short-circuit current density (13.24 mA/cm²), a conversion efficiency of (19.91 %), and a significant improvement in the fill factor (FF) of (86.5 %) compared to the single-junction cell. In the third stage, we introduced a third InGaAs sub-cell. The triple-junction cell increased the short-circuit current density to (20.79 mA/cm²), the total open-circuit voltage (Voc) to (2.012 V), and the conversion efficiency to (35.76 %). This was followed by a quad-junction cell made of InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs/Ge, enabling wide solar spectrum coverage. This arrangement achieved the best result with a short-circuit current density of (29.46 mA/cm²), a Voc of about (2.32 V), a FF of (73 %) and a conversion efficiency of (49.53 %).
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